Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology
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Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology

This version:
http://w3id.org/cacao/cacao/releases/2026-01-29/cacao-full.owl
Latest version:
http://w3id.org/cacao/cacao/cacao-full.owl
Revision:
2026-01-29
Imported Ontologies:
PROV-O
Schema.org
ODRL
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/unspecified
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology. Revision: 2026-01-29. Retrieved from: http://w3id.org/cacao/cacao/releases/2026-01-29/cacao-full.owl
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

This is a placeholder text for the abstract. The abstract should contain a couple of sentences summarizing the ontology and its purpose.

Introduction back to ToC

This is a place holder text for the introduction. The introduction should briefly describe the ontology, its motivation, state of the art and goals.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
GeopoliticalEntities<https://www.omg.org/spec/Commons/GeopoliticalEntities/>
[Ontology NS Prefix]<http://w3id.org/cacao/cacao/cacao-full.owl#>
cacao<http://w3id.org/cacao/>
cidoc-crm<http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>
dce<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
dcterms<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
ns<http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#>
ns1<http://creativecommons.org/ns#>
ns4<http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#>
ns5<http://www.w3.org/ns/>
odrl<http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/>
odrl2<http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
schema<https://schema.org/>
schema3<http://schema.org/>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology: Description back to ToC

None

Cross-reference for Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Cultural Artefact Contextual Ontology.

Classes

3D Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000087

Scope note: This class comprises digital artefacts that represent a three-dimensional object using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, and curved surfaces.
Date:
06T17:06:09Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Digital Artefact c, E36 Visual Item c

Actionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Action

has super-classes
Action c
is in domain of
Implies op, Included In op, Refinement op
is in range of
Has Action op, Implies op, Included In op
has members
Accept Tracking ni, Ad-hoc sharing ni, Aggregate ni, Annotate ni, Anonymize ni, Append ni, Append To ni, Archive ni, Attach policy ni, Attach source ni, Attribute ni, Attribution ni, Commercial Use ni, Commercialize ni, Compensate ni, Concurrent Use ni, Copy ni, Delete ni, Derivative Works ni, Derive ni, Digitize ni, Display ni, Distribute ni, Distribution ni, Ensure Exclusivity ni, Execute ni, Export ni, Extract ni, Extract character ni, Extract page ni, Extract word ni, Give ni, Grant Use ni, Include ni, Index ni, Inform ni, Install ni, Lease ni, Lend ni, License ni, Modify ni, Move ni, Next Policy ni, Notice ni, Obtain Consent ni, Pay ni, Play ni, Present ni, Preview ni, Print ni, Read ni, Reproduce ni, Reproduction ni, Review Policy ni, Secondary Use ni, Sell ni, Share ni, Share Alike ni, Share-alike ni, Sharing ni, Source Code ni, Stream ni, Synchronize ni, Text-to-speech ni, Transfer Ownership ni, Transform ni, Translate ni, Uninstall ni, Use ni, Watermark ni, Write ni, Write to ni
is also defined as
named individual

Activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
E4 Period c
has sub-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c, E64 End of Existence c, E7 Activity c, Historical Event c
is in domain of
atLocation op, endedAtTime dp, generated op, invalidated op, qualifiedAssociation op, qualifiedCommunication op, qualifiedEnd op, qualifiedInfluence op, qualifiedStart op, qualifiedUsage op, startedAtTime dp, used op, wasAssociatedWith op, wasEndedBy op, wasInformedBy op, wasStartedBy op
is in range of
activity op, hadActivity op, wasGeneratedBy op, wasInformedBy op, wasInvalidatedBy op
is disjoint with
Entity c

ActivityInfluencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#ActivityInfluence

ActivityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Activity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of ActivityInfluence use the prov:activity property to cite the influencing Activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Influence c
has sub-classes
Communication c, Generation c, Invalidation c
is in domain of
activity op
is disjoint with
EntityInfluence c

AdministrativeAreac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/AdministrativeArea

A geographical region, typically under the jurisdiction of a particular government.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/AdministrativeArea
has super-classes
Place c
has sub-classes
Country c

Agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/Agent

is equivalent to
Agent c

Agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent

An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-classes
E21 Person c, Organization c, Person c, SoftwareAgent c
is in domain of
actedOnBehalfOf op, atLocation op, qualifiedInfluence op
is in range of
actedOnBehalfOf op, agent op, wasAssociatedWith op, wasAttributedTo op
is disjoint with
InstantaneousEvent c

Agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent

An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
Term status
stable
is in domain of
interest op

AgentInfluencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInfluence

AgentInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Agent's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of AgentInfluence use the prov:agent property to cite the influencing Agent.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Influence c
has sub-classes
Association c, Attribution c, Delegation c
is in domain of
agent op

Agreementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Agreement

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Assertion c, Offer c, Privacy Policy c, Request c, Set c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Artistc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000022

Scope note: This class comprises persons who are recognized for engaging in the creation or performance of works in the visual, performing, literary, or applied arts. This includes, but is not limited to, painters, sculptors, musicians, composers, writers, poets, actors, dancers, designers, and multimedia artists. An individual is regarded as an instance of Artist when there exists documented evidence of their engagement in artistic practices or when they are attributed with the authorship, performance, or conceptualization of artistic works, either by themselves or by third parties (such as curators, critics, or historical sources). Artists may be associated with specific cultural movements, artistic periods, or creative practices. The classification of a Person as an Artist does not require professional status or formal recognition; amateur and self-taught individuals are also included when their artistic activity is documented and contextually significant. In bibliographic or curatorial contexts, attribution of a creative work to an individual is sufficient to regard them as an Artist, even if the attribution is anonymous, pseudonymous, or contested. Examples: - Leonardo da Vinci - Frida Kahlo - William Shakespeare - Maya Deren
Scope note: This class comprises persons who are recognized for engaging in the creation or performance of works in the visual, performing, literary, or applied arts. This includes, but is not limited to, painters, sculptors, musicians, composers, writers, poets, actors, dancers, designers, and multimedia artists. An individual is regarded as an instance of Artist when there exists documented evidence of their engagement in artistic practices or when they are attributed with the authorship, performance, or conceptualization of artistic works, either by themselves or by third parties (such as curators, critics, or historical sources). Artists may be associated with specific cultural movements, artistic periods, or creative practices. The classification of a Person as an Artist does not require professional status or formal recognition; amateur and self-taught individuals are also included when their artistic activity is documented and contextually significant. In bibliographic or curatorial contexts, attribution of a creative work to an individual is sufficient to regard them as an Artist, even if the attribution is anonymous, pseudonymous, or contested. Examples: - Leonardo da Vinci - Frida Kahlo - William Shakespeare - Maya Deren
has super-classes
E21 Person c, Person c

Artworkc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000024

Scope note: This class comprises physical artefacts that are primarily created as expressions of aesthetic, conceptual, or symbolic intent. Artworks encompass a wide range of tangible objects produced through artistic practices, including but not limited to paintings, sculptures, installations, and mixed-media pieces.​ Artworks are distinguished by their purpose of conveying artistic expression, emotion, or commentary, rather than serving utilitarian functions. They are often characterized by their unique form, style, and the creative processes involved in their production.​ While all artworks are physical artefacts, not all physical artefacts qualify as artworks; the classification depends on the creator's intent and the cultural context attributing artistic value to the object.​ CIDOC CRM Examples: - The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci​ - The Thinker by Auguste Rodin​ - The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh​ - Balloon Dog (Red) by Jeff Koons
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Medals c, Mosaics c, Painting c

Assertionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Assertion

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Offer c, Privacy Policy c, Request c, Set c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Assetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Asset

has super-classes
E72 Legal Object c
has sub-classes
Asset Collection c
is in domain of
Part Of op, Target Policy op
is in range of
Output op, Relation op, Target op
is also defined as
named individual

Asset Collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/AssetCollection

has super-classes
Asset c
is in domain of
Refinement op
is in range of
Part Of op
is also defined as
named individual

Associationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association

An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].
An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
AgentInfluence c
is in domain of
hadPlan op, hadRole op
is in range of
qualifiedAssociation op

Attributionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution

An instance of prov:Attribution provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that had some responsible for it. For example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].
Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. When an entity e is attributed to agent ag, entity e was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent ag. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
AgentInfluence c
is in range of
qualifiedAttribution op

Audioc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000089

Scope note: This class comprises digital artefacts consisting of sound recordings. This includes music, spoken word, and other forms of auditory information stored in a digital format.
Date:
06T17:06:18Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Digital Artefact c

Awardsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000082

Scope note: This class comprises tangible items given to a person or group in recognition of excellence in a certain field. They serve as a physical token of an honor or prize.
Date:
06T16:23:00Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Cup c, Medals c

Basilicasc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000037

Scope note: This class comprises churches that have been granted special privileges by the Pope due to their historical, spiritual, or architectural significance. In architectural terms, it can also refer to a building style characterized by a rectangular plan with a central nave and aisles, and an apse at one or both ends.
Date:
06T13:46:10Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Churches c

Buildingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000019

Scope note: This class comprises man-made structures with a roof and walls, created to stand more or less permanently in one place. It serves as a superclass for more specific types of structures defined by their function or form, such as religious, residential, or ceremonial buildings.
Date:
06T13:38:37Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Structures c
has sub-classes
Ceremonial Buildings c, Religious Buildings c, Residential Buildings c

Bundlec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Bundle

Note that there are kinds of bundles (e.g. handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O.
A bundle is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an Entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
E70 Thing c, Entity c

Cathedralsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000041

This class comprises the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's official throne (cathedra). Cathedrals serve as the central church of a region and are often among the most architecturally significant and historically important buildings in their area.
Date:
06T13:46:32Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Churches c

Cemeteriesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000057

Scope note: This class comprises designated areas where the remains of deceased people are buried or otherwise interred. They are characterized by the presence of graves, tombs, or other forms of funerary monuments.
Date:
06T13:58:22Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Complexes c
has sub-classes
Necropolis c

Ceremonial Buildingsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000059

Scope note: This class comprises buildings designed primarily for holding rites, ceremonies, or formal public events. Their function may be religious, civic, or commemorative in nature.
Date:
06T14:02:06Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Building c
has sub-classes
Tombs c

Chapelsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000042

Scope note: This class comprises small places of Christian worship, which may be part of a larger institution (like a cathedral, palace, or hospital), or can be a standalone building. They are often intended for private prayer or smaller services.
Date:
06T13:47:51Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Religious Buildings c

Chemisesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000074

Scope note: This class comprises a simple, loose-fitting garment worn next to the skin, serving as a shirt or undergarment for both men and women in various historical periods. It protected outer garments from sweat and body oils.
Date:
06T16:08:29Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Underwear c

Churchesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000029

Scope note: This class comprises buildings specifically designed and used for public Christian worship, prayer, and ceremony. The architectural form and features of a church are often symbolic of Christian beliefs and liturgical practices.
Date:
06T13:45:45Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Religious Buildings c
has sub-classes
Basilicas c, Cathedrals c

Classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Class

A class, also often called a 'Type'; equivalent to rdfs:Class.
Is defined by
https://meta.schema.org/Class
has super-classes
Intangible c
is in domain of
supersededBy op
is in range of
supersededBy op

Cloaksc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000072

Scope note: This class comprises sleeveless outdoor overgarments which drape from the shoulders. They are worn for warmth, protection, or as part of ceremonial or formal dress.
Date:
06T16:06:41Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Outerwear c

Clothingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000062

Scope note: This class comprises items worn on the body. Typically, clothing is made of fabrics or textiles, but over time it has included garments made from animal skin and other thin sheets of materials and natural products found in the environment, put together.
Date:
06T16:01:48Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Main Garments c, Outerwear c, Underwear c

Coatsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000067

Scope note: This class comprises outer garments with sleeves, worn outdoors over other clothes for warmth or protection.
Date:
06T16:04:01Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c, Outerwear c

Collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Collection

A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
E70 Thing c, Entity c
has sub-classes
EmptyCollection c
is in domain of
hadMember op

Communicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Communication

An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ].
Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
ActivityInfluence c
is in range of
qualifiedCommunication op

Complexesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000056

Scope note: This class comprises groups of interrelated buildings and structures that are designed to function as a single, integrated unit. These can be defined by a common purpose, architectural style, or historical period.
Date:
06T13:58:09Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Cemeteries c

Countryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Country

A country.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Country
has super-classes
AdministrativeArea c, Geopolitical Entity c
is in range of
nationality op

Creative Workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/CreativeWork

is equivalent to
Document c

CreativeWorkc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/CreativeWork

The most generic kind of creative work, including books, movies, photographs, software programs, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/CreativeWork
has super-classes
Thing c
has sub-classes
MediaObject c, WebPage c

Cultural movementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000012

Wikidata: Q2198855, period and movement in cultural history Scope note: A Cultural Movement is a collective effort by loosely affiliated individuals aiming to transform societal perspectives through the dissemination of ideas via various art forms and intentional lifestyle choices. These movements often overlap with social and political movements, making them integral to broader cultural transformations. ​ Examples: - The Renaissance - The Romanticism movement - The Alté Movement in Nigeria
rdfs:comment "Wikidata: Q2198855, period and movement in cultural history Scope note: A Cultural Movement is a collective effort by loosely affiliated individuals aiming to transform societal perspectives through the dissemination of ideas via various art forms and intentional lifestyle choices. These movements often overlap with social and political movements, making them integral to broader cultural transformations. ​ Examples: - The Renaissance - The Romanticism movement - The Alté Movement in Nigeria"@en
has super-classes
Social movement c

Cupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000083

Scope note: This class comprises trophy cups, which are awards in the form of a drinking vessel, often made of precious metal and mounted on a base, given as a prize in a competition.
Date:
06T16:23:05Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Awards c

DataTypec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/DataType

The basic data types such as Integers, Strings, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/DataType
has super-classes
Class c
has sub-classes
Text c

Delegationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Delegation

An instance of prov:Delegation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler . :toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualifiedDelegation [ a prov:Delegation; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ].
Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent) to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. For example, a student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what degree.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
AgentInfluence c
is in domain of
hadActivity op

Derivationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation

An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].
A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
EntityInfluence c
has sub-classes
PrimarySource c, Quotation c, Revision c
is in domain of
hadActivity op, hadGeneration op, hadUsage op
is in range of
qualifiedDerivation op

Digital Artefactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000003

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as digital images, texts, multimedia objects, computer program code, algorithms, or mathematical formulae, that are created, modified, or stored in digital formats. Digital Artefacts have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. They exist independently of specific physical carriers and can reside on multiple digital mediums simultaneously. While E73 Information Objects encompass a broad range of immaterial items, including those stored in human memory or on physical media, Digital Artefacts are specifically associated with digital technologies. This subclassification aids in distinguishing between general information entities and those uniquely tied to digital environments.​ Examples: - A digital photograph of an ancient manuscript.​ - A 3D model of an archaeological excavation site.​ - The source code of a software application developed to catalog museum collections.​ - A dataset containing measurements of physical artefacts.
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as digital images, texts, multimedia objects, computer program code, algorithms, or mathematical formulae, that are created, modified, or stored in digital formats. Digital Artefacts have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. They exist independently of specific physical carriers and can reside on multiple digital mediums simultaneously. While E73 Information Objects encompass a broad range of immaterial items, including those stored in human memory or on physical media, Digital Artefacts are specifically associated with digital technologies. This subclassification aids in distinguishing between general information entities and those uniquely tied to digital environments.​ Examples: - A digital photograph of an ancient manuscript.​ - A 3D model of an archaeological excavation site.​ - The source code of a software application developed to catalog museum collections.​ - A dataset containing measurements of physical artefacts."@en
has super-classes
E73 Information Object c
has sub-classes
3D Object c, Audio c, Image c, Video c

Documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Document

A document.
Is defined by
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
Term status
stable
is in range of
interest op

Documentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000079

Scope note: This class comprises physical artefacts consisting of a piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that serves as an official record.
Date:
06T16:16:03Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Letters c

Domainc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000014

Scope note: This class comprises categories or fields of specialized knowledge, disciplines, or areas of expertise that are used to classify and contextualize instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of Domain represent specific spheres of human thought or activity, providing a framework for understanding the context, provenance, or thematic classification of cultural heritage information.​ The Domain class serves as a means to associate cultural heritage entities with particular areas of study or professional practice, facilitating interdisciplinary research and knowledge organization. For example, associating an artifact with the domain of "archaeology" or "art history" helps in understanding its scholarly context and the methodologies applied to its study.​ Examples: - Archaeology​ - Art History​ - Ethnomusicology​ - Conservation Science
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises categories or fields of specialized knowledge, disciplines, or areas of expertise that are used to classify and contextualize instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of Domain represent specific spheres of human thought or activity, providing a framework for understanding the context, provenance, or thematic classification of cultural heritage information.​ The Domain class serves as a means to associate cultural heritage entities with particular areas of study or professional practice, facilitating interdisciplinary research and knowledge organization. For example, associating an artifact with the domain of \"archaeology\" or \"art history\" helps in understanding its scholarly context and the methodologies applied to its study.​ Examples: - Archaeology​ - Art History​ - Ethnomusicology​ - Conservation Science"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
hasDomain op

Domusc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000055

Scope note: This class comprises a type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Roman Republic and Empire.
Date:
06T13:56:56Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Houses c

Domus Ecclesiaec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000044

Scope note: This class comprises private buildings adapted for Christian worship. These "house churches" were the earliest places of public worship for the Christian community, often established within existing residential structures.
Date:
06T13:48:42Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Religious Buildings c

Dressesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000066

Scope note: This class comprises one-piece garments for a woman or girl that consist of a bodice and a skirt.
Date:
06T16:03:44Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c

Dutyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Duty

has super-classes
Rule c
is in domain of
Consequence op
is in range of
Consequence op, Has Duty op, Obligation op, Remedy op
is disjoint with
Permission c, Prohibition c
is also defined as
named individual

E1 CRM Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E1_CRM_Entity

Scope note: This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties: - Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier - Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass to which an instance belongs - Attachment of free text and other unstructured data for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties All other classes within the CIDOC CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity. Examples: - the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) (Chester, 2001) In First Order Logic: - E1(x)
has sub-classes
E2 Temporal Entity c, E52 Time-Span c, E53 Place c, E54 Dimension c, E77 Persistent Item c, E92 Spacetime Volume c
is in domain of
P1 is identified by op, P129i is subject of op, P136i supported type creation op, P137 exemplifies op, P138i has representation op, P140i was attributed by op, P141i was assigned by op, P15i influenced op, P17i motivated op, P2 has type op, P3 has note dp, P41i was classified by op, P48 has preferred identifier op, P62i is depicted by op, P67i is referred to by op, P70i is documented in op, P71i is listed in op, genre op, hasDomain op, hasEconomicRelevance op, movement op, socialMovement op
is in range of
P129 is about op, P136 was based on op, P137i is exemplified by op, P138 represents op, P140 assigned attribute to op, P141 assigned op, P15 was influenced by op, P17 was motivated by op, P1i identifies op, P2i is type of op, P41 classified op, P48i is preferred identifier of op, P62 depicts op, P67 refers to op, P70 documents op, P71 lists op

E10 Transfer of Custodyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E10_Transfer_of_Custody

Scope note: This class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian) 2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian) 3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next) 4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown) 5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown) In the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). The sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The interpretation of the museum notion of "accession" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Theft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody. Examples: - the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery - the return of Picasso’s “Guernica” to Madrid’s Prado in 1981 (Chipp, 1988) - the transfer of custody of the work described as “Von der Velden ein Ufer an der See” from Johann Matthäus von Merian to the Auction House Heldevier (Jacob) for the purpose of sale, ca. 1716 - the transfer of custody of the painting ‘Mrs. Fitzherbert’ to the art dealer Knoedler from Parke-Bernet Galleries (New York, NY, USA) ca. March 1941 In First Order Logic: - E10(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P28 custody surrendered by op, P29 custody received by op, P30 transferred custody of op
is in range of
P28i surrendered custody through op, P29i received custody through op, P30i custody transferred through op

E11 Modificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E11_Modification

Scope note: This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material. Examples: - the construction of the SS Great Britain (E12) (Gregor, 1971) - the impregnation of the Vasa warship in Stockholm for preservation after 1956 (Håfors, 2010) - the transformation of the Enola Gay into a museum exhibit by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC between 1993 and 1995 (E12, E81) (Yakel, 2000) - the last renewal of the gold coating of the Toshogu shrine in Nikko, Japan (Cali and Dougil, 2012) In First Order Logic: - E11(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
has sub-classes
E12 Production c, E79 Part Addition c, E80 Part Removal c
is in domain of
P126 employed op, P31 has modified op
is in range of
P126i was employed in op, P31i was modified by op

E12 Productionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E12_Production

Scope note: This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not. Examples: - the construction of the SS Great Britain (Gregor, 1971) - the first casting of the Little Mermaid from the harbour of Copenhagen (Dewey, 2003) - Rembrandt’s creating of the seventh state of his etching “Woman sitting half dressed beside a stove”, 1658, identified by Bartsch Number 197 (E12, E65, E81) (Hind, 1923) In First Order Logic: - E12(x) ⇒ E11(x) - E12(x) ⇒ E63(x)
has super-classes
E11 Modification c, E63 Beginning of Existence c
is in domain of
P108 has produced op, P186 produced thing of product type op
is in range of
P108i was produced by op, P186i is produced by op

E13 Attribute Assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E13_Attribute_Assignment

Scope note: This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values. Examples: - the examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - the assessment of the current ownership of Martin Doerr’s silver cup in February 1997 (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E13(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
has sub-classes
E14 Condition Assessment c, E15 Identifier Assignment c, E16 Measurement c, E17 Type Assignment c
is in domain of
P140 assigned attribute to op, P141 assigned op, P177 assigned property of type op
is in range of
P140i was attributed by op, P141i was assigned by op, P177i is type of property assigned op

E14 Condition Assessmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E14_Condition_Assessment

Scope note: This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents. Examples: - last year’s inspection of humidity damage to the frescos in the St. George chapel in our village (fictitious) - the condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - the condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - E14(x) ⇒ E13(x)
has super-classes
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is in domain of
P34 concerned op, P35 has identified op
is in range of
P34i was assessed by op, P35i was identified by op

E15 Identifier Assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E15_Identifier_Assignment

Scope note: This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property. Examples: - replacement of the inventory number TA959a by GE34604 for a 17(th) century lamentation cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens - assigning the author and uniform title heading “Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832. Faust. 1. Theil.” to a work - on 1(st) June 2001, assigning the personal name heading “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” to Guillaume de Machaut (Kelly, 2014) In First Order Logic: - E15(x) ⇒ E13(x)
has super-classes
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is in domain of
P142 used constituent op, P37 assigned op, P38 deassigned op
is in range of
P142i was used in op, P37i was assigned by op, P38i was deassigned by op

E16 Measurementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E16_Measurement

Scope note: This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon-14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query. Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for) should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data. Examples: - measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (fictitious) - the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) In First Order Logic: - E16(x) ⇒ E13(x)
has super-classes
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is in domain of
P39 measured op, P40 observed dimension op
is in range of
P39i was measured by op, P40i was observed in op

E17 Type Assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E17_Type_Assignment

Scope note: This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions, and concepts. This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of “determination,” i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology. Examples: - the first classification of object GE34604 as Lamentation cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens - the determination of a cactus in Martin Doerr’s garden as Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum., July 2003 In First Order Logic: - E17(x) ⇒ E13(x)
has super-classes
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is in domain of
P41 classified op, P42 assigned op
is in range of
P41i was classified by op, P42i was assigned by op

E18 Physical Thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E18_Physical_Thing

Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural. Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land, etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter. An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span. Examples: - the Cullinan Diamond (E19) (Scarratt and Shor, 2006) - the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26) (Smith, 1844-49) - the Mona Lisa (E22) (Mohen, 2006) In First Order Logic: - E18(x) ⇒ E72(x)
has super-classes
E72 Legal Object c
has sub-classes
E19 Physical Object c, E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c, E26 Physical Feature c
is in domain of
P110i was augmented by op, P111i was added by op, P112i was diminished by op, P113i was removed by op, P123i resulted from op, P124i was transformed by op, P128 carries op, P13i was destroyed by op, P156 occupies op, P157i provides reference space for op, P195i had presence op, P196 defines op, P198 holds or supports op, P198i is held or supported by op, P24i changed ownership through op, P30i custody transferred through op, P31i was modified by op, P34i was assessed by op, P39i was measured by op, P44 has condition op, P45 consists of op, P46 is composed of op, P46i forms part of op, P49 has former or current keeper op, P50 has current keeper op, P51 has former or current owner op, P52 has current owner op, P53 has former or current location op, P59 has section op, P8i witnessed op
is in range of
P110 augmented op, P111 added op, P112 diminished op, P113 removed op, P123 resulted in op, P124 transformed op, P128i is carried by op, P13 destroyed op, P156i is occupied by op, P157 is at rest relative to op, P195 was a presence of op, P196i is defined by op, P198 holds or supports op, P198i is held or supported by op, P24 transferred title of op, P30 transferred custody of op, P31 has modified op, P34 concerned op, P39 measured op, P44i is condition of op, P45i is incorporated in op, P46 is composed of op, P46i forms part of op, P49i is former or current keeper of op, P50i is current keeper of op, P51i is former or current owner of op, P52i is current owner of op, P53i is former or current location of op, P59i is located on or within op, P8 took place on or within op

E19 Physical Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E19_Physical_Object

Scope note: This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy). In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects”, i.e. naturally defined objects (Smith & Varzi, 2000). The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired. Examples: - Aphrodite of Milos (E22) (Kousser, 2005) - the Cullinan Diamond (Scarratt and Shor, 2006) - Apollo 13 at the time of launch (E22) (Lovell and Kluger, 1994) In First Order Logic: - E19(x) ⇒ E18(x)
has super-classes
E18 Physical Thing c
has sub-classes
E20 Biological Object c, E22 Human-Made Object c
is in domain of
P188i is production tool for op, P25i moved by op, P54 has current permanent location op, P55 has current location op, P56 bears feature op, P57 has number of parts dp
is in range of
P188 requires production tool op, P25 moved op, P54i is current permanent location of op, P55i currently holds op, P56i is found on op

E2 Temporal Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E2_Temporal_Entity

Scope note: This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice. In some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing. Examples: - Bronze Age (E4) (Childe, 1963) - the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) (Chester, 2001) - the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 to 1946 (E3) (Maddox, 2015) In First Order Logic: - E2(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
has sub-classes
E3 Condition State c, E4 Period c
is in domain of
P173 starts before or with the end of op, P173i ends after or with the start of op, P174 starts before the end of op, P174i ends after the start of op, P175 starts before or with the start of op, P175i starts after or with the start of op, P176 starts before the start of op, P176i starts after the start of op, P182 ends before or with the start of op, P182i starts after or with the end of op, P183 ends before the start of op, P183i starts after the end of op, P184 ends before or with the end of op, P184i ends with or after the end of op, P185 ends before the end of op, P185i ends after the end of op, P4 has time-span op
is in range of
P173 starts before or with the end of op, P173i ends after or with the start of op, P174 starts before the end of op, P174i ends after the start of op, P175 starts before or with the start of op, P175i starts after or with the start of op, P176 starts before the start of op, P176i starts after the start of op, P182 ends before or with the start of op, P182i starts after or with the end of op, P183 ends before the start of op, P183i starts after the end of op, P184 ends before or with the end of op, P184i ends with or after the end of op, P185 ends before the end of op, P185i ends after the end of op, P4i is time-span of op

E20 Biological Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E20_Biological_Object

Scope note: This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object. Examples: - me (fictitious) - Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979) - Boukephalus [Horse of Alexander the Great] (Lamb, 2005) - petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344 In First Order Logic: - E20(x) ⇒ E19(x)
has super-classes
E19 Physical Object c
has sub-classes
E21 Person c, Person c

E21 Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E21_Person

Scope note: This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity. In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real person (an instance of E21 Person), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of E21 Person does not imply that the concept comprises personae. Examples: - Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979) - Nelson Mandela (Brown and Hort, 2006) In First Order Logic: - E21(x) ⇒ E20(x) - E21(x) ⇒ E39(x)
is equivalent to
Person c
has super-classes
Agent c, E20 Biological Object c, E39 Actor c
has sub-classes
Artist c
is in domain of
P100i died in op, P152 has parent op, P152i is parent of op, P96i gave birth op, P97i was father for op, P98i was born op
is in range of
P100 was death of op, P152 has parent op, P152i is parent of op, P96 by mother op, P97 from father op, P98 brought into life op

E22 Human-Made Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E22_Human-Made_Object

Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Examples: - the Rosetta Stone (E22) - LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard [the World’s fastest steam locomotive, preserved at the National Railway Museum of York, UK] (Solomon, 2003) - the Portland Vase (Walker, 2004) In First Order Logic: - E22(x) ⇒ E19(x) - E22(x) ⇒ E24(x)
has super-classes
E19 Physical Object c, E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
has sub-classes
Physical Artefact c

E24 Physical Human-Made Thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing

Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop. Examples: - the Forth Railway Bridge (Shipway, Bouch, Baker and Fowler, 1990). - the Channel Tunnel (E25) (Holliday, Marcou and Vickerman, 1991) - the Palace of Knossos (Evans, 1921) - the Colosseum in Rome, Italy (Hopkins and Beard, 2011) - the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) (Georgoula, 2005) - the Rosetta Stone (E22) - my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22) (fictitious) - the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22) - my empty DVD disk (E22) (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E24(x) ⇒ E18(x) - E24(x) ⇒ E71(x)
has super-classes
E18 Physical Thing c, E71 Human-Made Thing c
has sub-classes
E22 Human-Made Object c, E25 Human-Made Feature c, E78 Curated Holding c
is in domain of
P108i was produced by op, P62 depicts op, P65 shows visual item op
is in range of
P108 has produced op, P62i is depicted by op, P65i is shown by op

E25 Human-Made Featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E25_Human-Made_Feature

Scope note: This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers. Examples: - the Manchester Ship Canal (Farnie, 1980) - Michael Jackson’s nose following plastic surgery - the laser-readable “pits” engraved June 2014 on Martin Doerr’s CD-R, copying songs of Edith Piaf - the carved letters on the Rosetta Stone In First Order Logic: - E25(x) ⇒ E24(x) - E25(x) ⇒ E26(x)
has super-classes
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c, E26 Physical Feature c

E26 Physical Featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E26_Physical_Feature

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. This definition coincides with the definition of “fiat objects”, with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000). Examples: - the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (Psimenos. 2005) - the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, which was carved out of solid rock (E25) (Hawass, 2000) - Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great (E25) (Strauss, 1974) - the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza (Temple, 2009) - Michael Jackson’s nose prior to plastic surgery In First Order Logic: - E26(x) ⇒ E18(x)
has super-classes
E18 Physical Thing c
has sub-classes
E25 Human-Made Feature c, E27 Site c
is in domain of
P56i is found on op
is in range of
P56 bears feature op

E27 Sitec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E27_Site

Scope note: This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings, and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location. Examples: - the Amazon river basin (Hegen, 1966) - Knossos (Evans, 1921) - the Apollo 11 landing site (Siegler and Smrekar, 2014) - Heathrow Airport (Wicks, 2014) - the submerged harbour of the Minoan settlement of Gournia, Crete (Watrous, 2012) - the island of Crete In First Order Logic: - E27(x) ⇒ E26(x)
has super-classes
E26 Physical Feature c

E28 Conceptual Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E28_Conceptual_Object

Scope note: This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation, or historical implication. The production of such information might have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers. Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc. They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost. Examples: - Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy) (E73) (Kershaw, 1999) - the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary (E73) (Oxford University Press, 1989) - the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner (E89) (Lagos & Karyanos, 2020) - [Explanation note: The following examples illustrate the distinction between a propositional object, its names and its encoded forms. The Maxwell equations (Ball, 1962) are a good example, because they belong to the fundamental laws of physics and their mathematical content yields identical, unambiguous results regardless formulation and encoding.] - “Maxwell equations” (E41) [preferred subject access point from LCSH, http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85082387, accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is only the name for the Maxwell equations as standardized by the Library of Congress and not the equations themselves.] - “Equations, Maxwell” (E41) [variant subject access point from LCSH, http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85082387, accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is another name for the equation standardized by the Library of Congress and not the equations themselves.] - Maxwell's equations (E89) [This is the propositional content of the equations proper, independent of any particular notation or mathematical formalism.] (Ball, 1962) - The encoding of Maxwells equations as in https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Maxwell%27sEquations.svg (E73) [accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is one possible symbolic encoding of the propositional content of the equations.] In First Order Logic: - E28(x) ⇒ E71(x)
has super-classes
E71 Human-Made Thing c
has sub-classes
E55 Type c, E89 Propositional Object c, E90 Symbolic Object c
is in domain of
P94i was created by op
is in range of
P94 has created op

E29 Design or Procedurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E29_Design_or_Procedure

Scope note: This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure. Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following: 1. A schema for the activities it describes 2. A schema of the products that result from their application 3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product. Examples: - the ISO standardisation procedure - the musical notation for Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” (Kershaw, 1999) - the architectural drawings for the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) in Cologne, Germany (Wolff, 1999) - the drawing found on Folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486 to 1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan In First Order Logic: - E29(x) ⇒ E73(x)
has super-classes
E73 Information Object c
is in domain of
P187i is production plan for op, P33i was used by op, P68 foresees use of op, P69 has association with op, P69i is associated with op
is in range of
P187 has production plan op, P33 used specific technique op, P68i use foreseen by op, P69 has association with op, P69i is associated with op

E3 Condition Statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E3_Condition_State

Scope note: This class comprises the states of objects characterised by a certain condition over a time-span. An instance of this class describes the prevailing physical condition of any material object or feature during a specific instance of E52 Time-Span. In general, the time-span for which a certain condition can be asserted may be shorter than the real time-span, for which this condition held. The nature of that condition can be described using P2 has type. For example, the instance of E3 Condition State “condition of the SS Great Britain between 22(nd) September 1846 and 27(th) August 1847” can be characterized as an instance “wrecked” of E55 Type. Examples: - the "reconstructed" state of the “Amber Room” in Tsarskoje Selo from summer 2003 until now (Owen, 2009) - the "ruined" state of Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg from 1944 to 1946 (Maddox, 2015) - the state of my turkey in the oven at 14:30 on 25(th) December 2002 [P2 has type: E55 Type “still not cooked”] (fictitious) - the topography of the leaves of Sinai Printed Book 3234.2361 on the 10(th) July 2007 [described as: of type "cockled"] (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E3(x) ⇒ E2(x)
has super-classes
E2 Temporal Entity c
is in domain of
P35i was identified by op, P44i is condition of op, P5 consists of op, P5i forms part of op
is in range of
P35 has identified op, P44 has condition op, P5 consists of op, P5i forms part of op

E30 Rightc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E30_Right

Scope note: This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights. Examples: - copyright held by ISO on ISO/CD 21127 - ownership of the “Mona Lisa” by the museum of the Louvre, Paris, France In First Order Logic: - E30(x) ⇒ E89(x)
has super-classes
E89 Propositional Object c
is in domain of
P104i applies to op, P75i is possessed by op, expressedBy op
is in range of
P104 is subject to op, P75 possesses op

E31 Documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E31_Document

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the concept “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object. Examples: - the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32) (Kogan, 1958) - the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36) - Domesday Book [a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror] (Hallam 1986) In First Order Logic: - E31(x) ⇒ E73(x)
has super-classes
E73 Information Object c
has sub-classes
E32 Authority Document c
is in domain of
P70 documents op
is in range of
P70i is documented in op

E32 Authority Documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E32_Authority_Document

Scope note: This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use. Examples: - Webster's Dictionary (Herbert, 1994) - Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty Trust, 1990) - the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (Gergatsoulis et al., 2010) In First Order Logic: - E32(x) ⇒ E31(x)
has super-classes
E31 Document c
is in domain of
P71 lists op
is in range of
P71i is listed in op

E33 Linguistic Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E33_Linguistic_Object

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity. Examples: - the text of the Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript (Hilmo, 2019) - the lyrics of the song “Blue Suede Shoes” (Cooper, 2008) - the text of the “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll (Carroll, 1981) - the text of “Doktoro Jekyll kaj Sinjoro Hyde” [an Esperanto translation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]. (Stevenson, Morrison and Mann, 1909) - the free dialog in the local dialect recorded in 1958, Telemark, Norway stored on tape or.7-89.s1 (00.15:46-00:34), The Language Collection at the University Library in Bergen, Norway (verified on 2020) In First Order Logic: - E33(x) ⇒ E73(x)
has super-classes
E73 Information Object c
has sub-classes
E34 Inscription c, E35 Title c
is in domain of
P72 has language op, P73 has translation op, P73i is translation of op
is in range of
P72i is language of op, P73 has translation op, P73i is translation of op

E34 Inscriptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E34_Inscription

Scope note: This class comprises recognisable texts that can be attached to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class is not intended to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CIDOC CRM as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E18 Physical Thing. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object. Examples: - “keep off the grass” [on a sign stuck in the lawn of the quad of Balliol College, Oxford, UK] - the text published in Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum V 895 (Mommsen, 1872) - “Kilroy was here” In First Order Logic: - E34(x) ⇒ E33(x) - E34(x) ⇒ E37(x)
has super-classes
E33 Linguistic Object c, E37 Mark c

E35 Titlec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E35_Title

Scope note: This class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts. Examples: - “The Merchant of Venice” (McCullough, 2005) - “Mona Lisa” (Mohen, Menu and Mottin, 2006) - “La Pie” (Bortolatto, 1981) - “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds” (Lennon, 1967) In First Order Logic: - E35(x) ⇒ E33(x) - E35(x) ⇒ E41(x)
has super-classes
E33 Linguistic Object c, E41 Appellation c
is in domain of
P102i is title of op
is in range of
P102 has title op

E36 Visual Itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E36_Visual_Item

Scope note: This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction. Examples: - the visual appearance of Monet’s “La Pie” (Bortolatto, 1981) - the Coca-Cola logo (E34) - the Chi-Rho (E37) - the communist red star (E37) - the surface shape of Auguste Rodin's statue "Le Penseur" [There exist more than 20 copies, even of different size. Therefore, this is a good example that it is only the common surface shape, an immaterial visual item, which justifies displaying these copies as works of Auguste Rodin. As usual practice, Rodin himself did not produce the bronze statue, but only the prototype model.] In First Order Logic: - E36(x) ⇒ E73(x)
has super-classes
E73 Information Object c
has sub-classes
3D Object c, E37 Mark c, Image c, Video c
is in domain of
P138 represents op, P65i is shown by op
is in range of
P138i has representation op, P65 shows visual item op

E37 Markc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E37_Mark

Scope note: This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures, or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques, often in order to indicate such things as creator, owner, dedications, purpose, or to communicate information generally. Instances of E37 Mark do not represent the actual image of a mark, but the abstract ideal (or archetype) as used for codification in reference documents forming cultural documentation. This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Human-Made Feature. Examples: - Minoan double axe mark (Lowe Fri, 2011) - © - ☺ In First Order Logic: - E37(x) ⇒ E36(x)
has super-classes
E36 Visual Item c
has sub-classes
E34 Inscription c

E39 Actorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E39_Actor

Scope note: This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible. Examples: - London and Continental Railways (E74) - the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21) - Sir Ian McKellen (E21) (Gibson, 1986) In First Order Logic: - E39(x) ⇒ E77(x)
has super-classes
E77 Persistent Item c
has sub-classes
E21 Person c, E74 Group c, Party c, Person c, User c
is in domain of
P105i has right on op, P107i is current or former member of op, P109i is current or former curator of op, P11i participated in op, P143i was joined by op, P145i left by op, P14i performed op, P22i acquired title through op, P23i surrendered title through op, P28i surrendered custody through op, P29i received custody through op, P49i is former or current keeper of op, P50i is current keeper of op, P51i is former or current owner of op, P52i is current owner of op, P74 has current or former residence op, P75 possesses op, P76 has contact point op, fieldOfWork op, interest op, nationality op, partner op, roleName op, specialty op
is in range of
P105 right held by op, P107 has current or former member op, P109 has current or former curator op, P11 had participant op, P14 carried out by op, P143 joined op, P145 separated op, P22 transferred title to op, P23 transferred title from op, P28 custody surrendered by op, P29 custody received by op, P49 has former or current keeper op, P50 has current keeper op, P51 has former or current owner op, P52 has current owner op, P74i is current or former residence of op, P75i is possessed by op, P76i provides access to op, partner op

E4 Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E4_Period

Scope note: This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space. It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods. Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e. an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e. an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor. E4 Period is a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, it is possible to discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language. Typical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type. A geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume. Another specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh. Examples: - Jurassic (Hallam, 1975) - Populated Period of Nineveh - Imperial Rome under Marcus Aurelius - European Bronze Age (Harrison, 2004) - Italian Renaissance (Macdonald, 1992) - Thirty Years War (Lee, 1991) - Sturm und Drang (Berkoff, 2013) - Cubism (Cox, 2000) - The Capital of Russia (E4) [the capital of Russia in the sense of an administrative unit moved in historical times from Moscow to St Petersburg and then back to Moscow. This exemplifies an administrative unit changing place over time without temporal discontinuity] - The settling activity of the community of Helsinki (a.k.a. Helsingfors) (E7) [the original settlement called Helsinki was located in the area of the modern airport. The community moved later to settle on the coast. This exemplifies a continued activity changing place over time without temporal discontinuity] - Bronze Age (E4) [Bronze Age, in the sense of technological adoption, spread over disjoint areas including islands such as the British Isles without temporal discontinuity] - Japan, the state (E4) [In 2021, the Japanese state as a political unit comprised in 6852 islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia] In First Order Logic: - E4(x) ⇒ E2(x) - E4(x) ⇒ E92(x)
has super-classes
E2 Temporal Entity c, E92 Spacetime Volume c
has sub-classes
Activity c, E5 Event c
is in domain of
P7 took place at op, P8 took place on or within op, P9 consists of op, P9i forms part of op
is in range of
P7i witnessed op, P8i witnessed op, P9 consists of op, P9i forms part of op

E41 Appellationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E41_Appellation

Scope note: This class comprises all signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context. Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e. other instances of E41 Appellation that are regarded as equivalent, regardless of the thing it denotes. Different languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language. Instances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses of E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance “dates”), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. Even numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value. E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment. Examples: - “Martin” - “Aquae Sulis Minerva” - “the Merchant of Venice” (E35) (McCullough, 2005) - “Spigelia marilandica (L.) L.” [not the species, just the name] (Hershberger, Robacker and Jenkins, 2015) - “information science” [not the science itself, but the name used to refer to the subject matter in an English-speaking context] - “安” [Chinese “an”, meaning “peace”] - “6°5’29”N 45°12’13”W” [example of a spatial coordinate] - “Black queen’s bishop 4” [chess coordinate, example of an identifier in a conceptual space (E89)] - “19-MAR-1922” [example of date] - “+41 22 418 5571” [example of contact point] - “weasel@paveprime.com” [example of contact point] - “CH-1211, Genève” [example of place appellation] - “1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan” [example of a postal address] - “the poop deck of H.M.S Victory” [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)] - “the Venus de Milo’s left buttock” [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)] In First Order Logic: - E41(x) ⇒ E90(x)
has super-classes
E90 Symbolic Object c
has sub-classes
E35 Title c, E42 Identifier c
is in domain of
P139 has alternative form op, P139i is alternative form of op, P1i identifies op, P76i provides access to op
is in range of
P1 is identified by op, P139 has alternative form op, P139i is alternative form of op, P76 has contact point op

E42 Identifierc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E42_Identifier

Scope note: This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents. Examples: - “MM.GE.195” - “13.45.1976” - “OXCMS: 1997.4.1” (fictitious) - “ISSN 0041-5278” [Identifier for “The UNESCO Courier (Print)”] - ISRC “FIFIN8900186” [Identifier for : Kraft (29 min 14 s) / Magnus Lindberg, comp. ; Toimii Ensemble ; Swedish Radio symphony orchestra ; Esa-Pekka Salonen, dir.] - Shelf mark “Res 8 P 10” - “Guillaume de Machaut (1300?-1377)” [a controlled personal name heading that follows the French rules] (Reaney, 1974) - “+41 22 418 5571” - “ weasel@paveprime.com” - “Rue David Dufour 5, CH-1211, Genève” - “1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan” In First Order Logic: - E42(x) ⇒ E41(x)
has super-classes
E41 Appellation c
is in domain of
P37i was assigned by op, P38i was deassigned by op, P48i is preferred identifier of op
is in range of
P37 assigned op, P38 deassigned op, P48 has preferred identifier op

E5 Eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E5_Event

Scope note: This class comprises distinct, delimited and coherent processes and interactions of a material nature, in cultural, social or physical systems, involving and affecting instances of E77 Persistent Item in a way characteristic of the kind of process. Typical examples are meetings, births, deaths, actions of decision taking, making or inventing things, but also more complex and extended ones such as conferences, elections, building of a castle, or battles. While the continuous growth of a tree lacks the limits characteristic of an event, its germination from a seed does qualify as an event. Similarly, the blowing of the wind lacks the distinctness and limits of an event, but a hurricane, flood or earthquake would qualify as an event. Mental processes are considered as events, in cases where they are connected with the material externalization of their results; for example, the creation of a poem, a performance or a change of intention that becomes obvious from subsequent actions or declarations. The effects of an instance of E5 Event may not lead to relevant permanent changes of properties or relations of the items involved in it, for example an unrecorded performance. Of course, in order to be documented, some kind of evidence for an event must exist, be it witnesses, traces or products of the event. While instances of E4 Period always require some form of coherence between its constituent phenomena, in addition, the essential constituents of instances of E5 Event should contribute to an overall effect; for example, the statements made during a meeting and the listening of the audience. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an instance of E5 Event may appear as if it had an ‘instantaneous’ overall effect, but any process or interaction of material nature in reality have an extent in time and space. At a fine level, instances of E5 Event may be analysed into component phenomena and phases within a space and timeframe, and as such can be seen as a period, regardless of the size of the phenomena. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy overall effect and are thus not instances of E5 Event. Examples: - the birth of Cleopatra (E67) (Pomeroy, 1984) - the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (E6) (Camardo, 2013) - World War II (E7) (Barber, 1994) - the Battle of Stalingrad (E7) (Hoyt, 1993) - the Yalta Conference (E7) (Harbutt, 2010) - my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7) - the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday (fictitious) - the CIDOC conference 2003 (E7) In First Order Logic: - E5(x) ⇒ E4(x)
is equivalent to
Activity c
has super-classes
E4 Period c
has sub-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c, E64 End of Existence c, E7 Activity c, Historical Event c
is in domain of
P11 had participant op, P12 occurred in the presence of op, P20i was purpose of op
is in range of
P11i participated in op, P12i was present at op, P20 had specific purpose op

E52 Time-Spanc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E52_Time-Span

Scope note: This class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end, and a duration. Instances of E52 Time-Span have no semantic connotations about phenomena happening within the temporal extent they represent. They do not convey any meaning other than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The actual extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span can be approximated by properties of E52 Time-Span giving inner and outer bounds in the form of dates (instances of E61 Time Primitive). Comparing knowledge about time-spans is fundamental for chronological reasoning. Some instances of E52 Time-Span may be defined as the actual, in principle observable, temporal extent of instances of E2 Temporal Entity via the property P4 has time-span (is time-span of): E52 Time-Span. They constitute phenomenal time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013). Since our knowledge of history is imperfect and physical phenomena are fuzzy in nature, the extent of phenomenal time-spans can only be described in approximation. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an instance of E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. It may, nevertheless, be associated with other descriptions by which people can infer knowledge about it, such as in relative chronologies. Some instances of E52 may be defined precisely as representing a declaration of a temporal extent, as, for instance, done in a business contract. They constitute declarative time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013) and can be described via the property E61 Time Primitive P170 defines time (time is defined by): E52 Time-Span. When used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it will nevertheless describe them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else is known. Examples: - 1961 - From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996 - 14h30 to 16h22 4(th) July 1945 - 9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999 - the time-span of the Ming Dynasty (Chan, 2011) In First Order Logic: - E52(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
is in domain of
P160i is temporal projection of op, P164i temporally specifies op, P191 had duration op, P4i is time-span of op, P79 beginning is qualified by dp, P80 end is qualified by dp, P81 ongoing throughout dp, P82 at some time within dp, P86 falls within op, P86i contains op
is in range of
P160 has temporal projection op, P164 is temporally specified by op, P191i was duration of op, P4 has time-span op, P86 falls within op, P86i contains op

E53 Placec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E53_Place

Scope note: This class comprises extents in the natural space where people live, in particular on the surface of the Earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. They may serve describing the physical location of things or phenomena or other areas of interest. Geometrically, instances of E53 Place constitute single contiguous areas or a finite aggregation of disjoint areas in space which are each individually contiguous. They may have fuzzy boundaries. The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks, but may also be determined by reference to mobile objects. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, people are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object, i.e. H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance. Any instance of E18 Physical Thing can serve as a frame of reference for an instance of E53 Place. This may be documented using the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for). Examples: - the extent of the UK in the year 2003 - the position of the hallmark on the inside of my wedding ring (fictitious) - the place referred to in the phrase: “Fish collected at three miles north of the confluence of the Arve and the Rhone” - here -> <- [the place between these two arrows in one of the reader's paper copy of this document. Each copy constitutes a different place of this spot.] In First Order Logic: - E53(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
is in domain of
P121 overlaps with op, P122 borders with op, P156i is occupied by op, P157 is at rest relative to op, P161i is spatial projection of op, P167i includes op, P168 place is defined by dp, P171 at some place within dp, P172 contains dp, P189 approximates op, P189i is approximated by op, P197i was partially covered by op, P26i was destination of op, P27i was origin of op, P53i is former or current location of op, P54i is current permanent location of op, P55i currently holds op, P59i is located on or within op, P74i is current or former residence of op, P7i witnessed op, P89 falls within op, P89i contains op
is in range of
P121 overlaps with op, P122 borders with op, P156 occupies op, P157i provides reference space for op, P161 has spatial projection op, P167 was within op, P189 approximates op, P189i is approximated by op, P197 covered parts of op, P26 moved to op, P27 moved from op, P53 has former or current location op, P54 has current permanent location op, P55 has current location op, P59 has section op, P7 took place at op, P74 has current or former residence op, P89 falls within op, P89i contains op

E54 Dimensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E54_Dimension

Scope note: This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values, etc. An instance of E54 Dimension represents the empirical or theoretically derived quantity, including the precision tolerances resulting from the particular method or calculation. The identity of an instance of E54 Dimension depends on the method of its determination because each method may produce different values even when determining comparable qualities. For instance, the wingspan of a bird alive or dead is a different dimension. Thermoluminescence dating and Rehydroxylation [RHX] dating are different dimensions of temporal distance from now, even if they aim at dating the same object. The method of determination should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). Note that simple terms such as “diameter” or “length” are normally insufficient to unambiguously describe a respective dimension. In contrast, “maximum linear extent” may be sufficient. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of instances of E54 Dimension adequate to the precision of the applied method of determination. If the respective quantity belongs to a non-discrete space according to the laws of physics, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that comparability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions. Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension, as appropriate. Examples: - the weight of the Luxor Obelisk [250 metric tons] - the vertical height of the statue of David by Michelangelo [5.17 metres] - the weight of the Great Star of Africa diamond [530.2 carats] - the calibrated C14 date for the Shroud of Turin [AD1262-1312, 1303-1384] - the horizontal diameter of the Stonehenge Sarsen Circle [33 metres] (Pryor, 2016) - the length of the sides of the Great Pyramid at Giza [230.34 metres] (Lehner and Hawass, 2017) - the duration of the time-span of the Battle of Issos/Issus on 15(th) November 333 B.C.E. [less than 12 hours] (Howard, 2012) - Christie’s hammer price, in British Pounds, for Vincent van Gogh's "Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers" in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) [24.75 million GBP (British Pounds)] In First Order Logic: - E54(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
has sub-classes
E97 Monetary Amount c
is in domain of
P191i was duration of op, P40i was observed in op, P43i is dimension of op, P90 has value dp, P91 has unit op
is in range of
P191 had duration op, P40 observed dimension op, P43 has dimension op, P91i is unit of op

E55 Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E55_Type

Scope note: This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties. Examples: - weight, length, depth [types for instances of E54 Dimension] - portrait, sketch, animation [types for instances of E36 Visual Item] - French, English, German [types for instances of E56 Language] - excellent, good, poor [types for instances of E3 Condition State] - Ford Model T, chop stick [types for instances of E22 Human-Made Object] - cave, doline, scratch [types for instances of E26 Physical Feature] - poem, short story [types for instances of E33 Linguistic Object] - wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types for instances of E5 Event] In First Order Logic: - E55(x) ⇒ E28(x)
has super-classes
E28 Conceptual Object c
has sub-classes
Domain c, E56 Language c, E57 Material c, E58 Measurement Unit c, E99 Product Type c, Economic Relevance c, Field Of Work c, Genre c, Movement c, Social movement c, Symbolism c
is in domain of
P101i was use of op, P103i was intention of op, P125i was type of object used in op, P127 has broader term op, P127i has narrower term op, P135i was created by op, P137i is exemplified by op, P150 defines typical parts of op, P150i defines typical wholes for op, P177i is type of property assigned op, P21i was purpose of op, P2i is type of op, P32i was technique of op, P42i was assigned by op
is in range of
P101 had as general use op, P103 was intended for op, P125 used object of type op, P127 has broader term op, P127i has narrower term op, P135 created type op, P137 exemplifies op, P150 defines typical parts of op, P150i defines typical wholes for op, P177 assigned property of type op, P2 has type op, P21 had general purpose op, P32 used general technique op, P42 assigned op

E56 Languagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E56_Language

Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions. Examples: - ell [Greek] - eng [English] - epo [Esperanto] - spa [Spanish] - fra [French] In First Order Logic: - E56(x) ⇒ E55(x)
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in domain of
P72i is language of op
is in range of
P72 has language op

E57 Materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E57_Material

Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials. Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of (forms part of): E18 Physical Thing). This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g. “instances of gold”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used. Examples: - brick (Gurcke, 1987) - gold (Watson, 1990) - aluminium (Norman, 1986) - polycarbonate (Mhaske, 2011) - resin (Barton, 1992) In First Order Logic: - E57(x) ⇒ E55(x)
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in domain of
P126i was employed in op, P45i is incorporated in op, P68i use foreseen by op
is in range of
P126 employed op, P45 consists of op, P68 foresees use of op

E58 Measurement Unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E58_Measurement_Unit

Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”. Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved. Examples: - cm [centimetre] - km [kilometre] - m [metre] - m/s [metres per second] (Hau et al., 1999) - A [ampere] - GRD [Greek Drachma] (E98) (Daniel, 2014) - C [degrees centigrade] (Beckman, 1998) In First Order Logic: - E58(x) ⇒ E55(x)
has super-classes
E55 Type c
has sub-classes
E98 Currency c
is in domain of
P91i is unit of op
is in range of
P91 has unit op

E6 Destructionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E6_Destruction

Scope note: This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing, such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation. Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction can be documented by classifying the event as both an instance of E6 Destruction and of E7 Activity. The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed, or modified is context-sensitive: 1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as an instance of E6 Destruction. 2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not. 3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as an instance of E11 Modification. Examples: - the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (Camardo, 2013) - the destruction of Nineveh (E6, E7) (River, 2016) - the breaking of a champagne glass yesterday by my dog (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E6(x) ⇒ E64(x)
has super-classes
E64 End of Existence c
is in domain of
P13 destroyed op
is in range of
P13i was destroyed by op

E63 Beginning of Existencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E63_Beginning_of_Existence

Scope note: This class comprises events that bring into existence any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. Examples: - the birth of my child (E67) (fictitious) - the birth of Snoopy, my dog (fictitious) - the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic - the construction of the Eiffel Tower (E12) (Tissandier, 1889) In First Order Logic: - E63(x) ⇒ E5(x)
has super-classes
Activity c, E5 Event c
has sub-classes
E12 Production c, E65 Creation c, E66 Formation c, E67 Birth c, E81 Transformation c
is in domain of
P92 brought into existence op
is in range of
P92i was brought into existence by op

E64 End of Existencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E64_End_of_Existence

Scope note: This class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation. Examples: - the death of Snoopy, my dog (fictitious) - the melting of the snowman (E6) - the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356 BC (E7, E6) (Trell, 1945) In First Order Logic: - E64(x) ⇒ E5(x)
has super-classes
Activity c, E5 Event c
has sub-classes
E6 Destruction c, E68 Dissolution c, E69 Death c, E81 Transformation c
is in domain of
P93 took out of existence op
is in range of
P93i was taken out of existence by op

E65 Creationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E65_Creation

Scope note: This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc. Examples: - the framing of the U.S. Constitution (Farrand, 1913) - the drafting of U.N. Resolution 1441 (United Nations Security Council, 2002) In First Order Logic: - E65(x) ⇒ E7(x) - E65(x) ⇒ E63(x)
has super-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c, E7 Activity c
has sub-classes
E83 Type Creation c
is in domain of
P94 has created op
is in range of
P94i was created by op

E66 Formationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E66_Formation

Scope note: This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining. Examples: - the formation of the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group in 2000 - the formation of the Soviet Union (Pipes, 1964) - the conspiring of the murderers of Caesar (Irwin, 1935) In First Order Logic: - E66(x) ⇒ E7(x) - E66(x) ⇒ E63(x)
has super-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c, E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P151 was formed from op, P95 has formed op
is in range of
P151i participated in op, P95i was formed by op

E67 Birthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E67_Birth

Scope note: This class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living being.) Twins, triplets, etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood since the advent of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth. Examples: - the birth of Alexander the Great (Stoneman, 2004) In First Order Logic: - E67(x) ⇒ E63(x)
has super-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c
is in domain of
P96 by mother op, P97 from father op, P98 brought into life op
is in range of
P96i gave birth op, P97i was father for op, P98i was born op

E68 Dissolutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E68_Dissolution

Scope note: This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an instance of E74 Group. If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an instance of E7 Activity. Examples: - the fall of the Roman Empire (Whittington, 1964) - the liquidation of Enron Corporation (Atlas, 2001) In First Order Logic: - E68(x) ⇒ E64(x)
has super-classes
E64 End of Existence c
is in domain of
P99 dissolved op
is in range of
P99i was dissolved by op

E69 Deathc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E69_Death

Scope note: This class comprises the deaths of human beings. If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented as instances of E64 End of Existence. Examples: - the murder of Julius Caesar (E69, E7) (Irwin, 1935) - the death of Senator Paul Wellstone (Monast and Tao, 2002) In First Order Logic: - E69(x) ⇒ E64(x)
has super-classes
E64 End of Existence c
is in domain of
P100 was death of op
is in range of
P100i died in op

E7 Activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E7_Activity

Scope note: This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite, and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door. Examples: - the Battle of Stalingrad (Hoyt, 1993) - the Yalta Conference (Harbutt, 2010) - my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 - the writing of “Faust” by Goethe (E65) (Williams, 2020) - the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66) (Droste, 2006) - the people of Iraq giving the name ‘Quyunjig’ to the place identified by the TGN as ‘7017998’ - Kira Weber working in glass art from 1984 to 1993 - Kira Weber working in oil and pastel painting from 1993 In First Order Logic: - E7(x) ⇒ E5(x)
has super-classes
Activity c, E5 Event c
has sub-classes
E10 Transfer of Custody c, E11 Modification c, E13 Attribute Assignment c, E65 Creation c, E66 Formation c, E8 Acquisition c, E85 Joining c, E86 Leaving c, E87 Curation Activity c, E9 Move c
is in domain of
P125 used object of type op, P134 continued op, P134i was continued by op, P14 carried out by op, P15 was influenced by op, P16 used specific object op, P17 was motivated by op, P19 was intended use of op, P20 had specific purpose op, P21 had general purpose op, P32 used general technique op, P33 used specific technique op
is in range of
P125i was type of object used in op, P134 continued op, P134i was continued by op, P14i performed op, P15i influenced op, P16i was used for op, P17i motivated op, P19i was made for op, P20i was purpose of op, P21i was purpose of op, P32i was technique of op, P33i was used by op

E70 Thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E70_Thing

Scope note: This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure. Examples: - my photograph collection (E78) (fictitious) - the bottle of milk in my refrigerator (E22) (fictitious) - the Riss A1 plan of the Straßburger Münster (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg) (E29) (Liess, R., 1985) - the thing on the top of Otto Hahn’s desk (E19) - the form of the no-smoking sign (E36) - the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E26) (Psimenos, 2005) In First Order Logic: - E70(x) ⇒ E77(x)
is equivalent to
Entity c
has super-classes
E77 Persistent Item c
has sub-classes
Bundle c, Collection c, E71 Human-Made Thing c, E72 Legal Object c, Plan c
is in domain of
P101 had as general use op, P130 shows features of op, P130i features are also found on op, P16i was used for op, P43 has dimension op, hasSymbolism op
is in range of
P101i was use of op, P130 shows features of op, P130i features are also found on op, P16 used specific object op, P43i is dimension of op

E71 Human-Made Thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E71_Human-Made_Thing

Scope note: This class comprises discrete, identifiable human-made items that are documented as single units. These items are either intellectual products or human-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures. Examples: - Beethoven’s 5(th) Symphony (E73) (Lockwood, 2015) - Michelangelo’s David (E22) (Paoletti and Bagemihl, 2015) - Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity (E89) (Hartle, 2003) - the taxon ‘Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus,1758’ (E55) (Sinkevicius and Narusevicius, 2002) In First Order Logic: - E71(x) ⇒ E70(x)
has super-classes
E70 Thing c, Entity c
has sub-classes
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c, E28 Conceptual Object c
is in domain of
P102 has title op, P103 was intended for op, P19i was made for op
is in range of
P102i is title of op, P103i was intention of op, P19 was intended use of op

E73 Information Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E73_Information_Object

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression. Examples: - image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E31) (Natural History Museum, 2021) - E. A. Poe's “The Raven” (Poe, 1869) - the movie “The Seven Samurai” by Akira Kurosawa (Mellen, 2002) - the text of Huray describing the Maxwell Equations (Huray, 2010) - the Getty AAT as published as Linked Open Data, accessed 1/10/2014 In First Order Logic: - E73(x) ⇒ E89(x) - E73(x) ⇒ E90(x)
has super-classes
E89 Propositional Object c, E90 Symbolic Object c
has sub-classes
Digital Artefact c, E29 Design or Procedure c, E31 Document c, E33 Linguistic Object c, E36 Visual Item c
is in domain of
P165 incorporates op
is in range of
P165i is incorporated in op

E74 Groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E74_Group

Scope note: This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of human individuals or groups that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e. a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group. A gathering of people becomes an instance of E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an instance of E74 Group. Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group. Examples: - the Impressionists (Wilson, 1994) - the Navajo (Correll, 1972) - the Greeks (Williams, 1993) - the peace protestors in New York City on 15(th) February 2003 - Exxon-Mobil (Raymond, 2006) - King Solomon and his wives (Thieberger, 1947) - the President of the Swiss Confederation - Nicolas Bourbaki [the collective pseudonym of a group of mathematicians, predominantly French alumni of the École normale supérieure] (Aczel, 2007) - Betty Crocker (Crocker, 2012) - Ellery Queen [Ellery Queen is a pseudonym created in 1929 by American crime fiction writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee.] (Wheat, 2005) - Greenpeace - Paveprime Ltd - the National Museum of Denmark In First Order Logic: - E74(x) ⇒ E39(x)
has super-classes
E39 Actor c
has sub-classes
Museum c, Organization c
is in domain of
P107 has current or former member op, P144i gained member by op, P146i lost member by op, P151i participated in op, P95i was formed by op, P99i was dissolved by op
is in range of
P107i is current or former member of op, P144 joined with op, P146 separated from op, P151 was formed from op, P95 has formed op, P99 dissolved op

E77 Persistent Itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E77_Persistent_Item

Scope note: This class comprises items that have persistent characteristics of structural nature substantially related to their identity and their integrity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy. Persistent Items may be physical entities, such as people, animals or things, conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or even names. Instances of E77 Persistent Item may be present or be part of interactions in different periods or events. They can repeatedly be recognized at disparate occasions during their existence by characteristics of structural nature. The respective characteristics need not be exactly the same during all the existence of an instance of E77 Persistent Item. Often, they undergo gradual change, still bearing some similarities with that of previous times, or disappear completely and new emerge. For instance, a person, from the time of being born on, will gradually change all its features and acquire new ones, such as a scar. Even the DNA in different body cells will develop defects and mutations. Nevertheless, relevant characteristics used should be sufficiently similar to recognize the instance for some substantial period of time. The more specific criteria that determine the identity of instances of subclasses of E77 Persistent Item may vary considerably and are described or referred to in the respective scope notes. The decision about which exact criteria to use depends on whether the observable behaviour of the respective part of reality such confined conforms to the reasoning the user is interested in. For example, a building can be regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria, such as being bodily separated from other persons. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. On the opposite, the identity of a (version of a) text of a scientific publication is given by the exact arrangement of its relevant symbols. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope of the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. An instance of E77 Persistent Item does not require actual knowledge of the identifying features of the instance being currently known. There may be cases, where the actual identifying features of an instance of E77 Persistent Item are not decidable at a particular state of knowledge. Examples: - Leonardo da Vinci (E21) (Strano, 1953) - Stonehenge (E24) (Pryor, 2016) - the hole in the ozone layer (E4) (Hufford and Horwitz, 2005) - the First Law of Thermodynamics (E89) (Craig and Gislason, 2002) - the Bermuda Triangle (E53) (Dolan, 2005) In First Order Logic: - E77(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
has sub-classes
E39 Actor c, E70 Thing c, Entity c
is in domain of
P12i was present at op, P92i was brought into existence by op, P93i was taken out of existence by op
is in range of
P12 occurred in the presence of op, P92 brought into existence op, P93 took out of existence op

E78 Curated Holdingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E78_Curated_Holding

Scope note: This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. Typical instances of curated holdings are museum collections, archives, library holdings and digital libraries. A digital library is regarded as an instance of E18 Physical Thing because it requires keeping physical carriers of the electronic content. Items may be added or removed from an E78 Curated Holding in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Curated Holding who is often referred to using the name of the E78 Curated Holding (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”). Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps, or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Curated Holding. This is because they form wholes, either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality. Examples: - the John Clayton Herbarium (Blake, 1918), (Natural History Museum, 2021) - the Wallace Collection (Ingamells, 1990) - Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium at the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway (Woelkerling et al., 2005) - the Digital Collections of the Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible via https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018. In First Order Logic: - E78(x) ⇒ E24(x)
has super-classes
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
is in domain of
P109 has current or former curator op, P147i was curated by op
is in range of
P109i is current or former curator of op, P147 curated op

E79 Part Additionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E79_Part_Addition

Scope note: This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part. Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan. Examples: - the setting of the Koh-I-Noor diamond into the crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (Dalrymple, 2017) - the addition of the painting “Room in Brooklyn” by Edward Hopper to the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston - the attachment of the bronze hand on the tree forming the Alpi Marittime [ https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010) In First Order Logic: - E79(x) ⇒ E11(x)
has super-classes
E11 Modification c
is in domain of
P110 augmented op, P111 added op
is in range of
P110i was augmented by op, P111i was added by op

E8 Acquisitionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E8_Acquisition

Scope note: This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of ownership 2. the end of ownership 3. the transfer of ownership 4. the acquisition from an unknown source 5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Examples: - the collection of a hammerhead shark, genus Sphyrna (Carchariniformes), by John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts at Puerto Escondido in the Gulf of Mexico on 25(th) March 1940. (Steinbeck, 2000) - the acquisition of El Greco’s “The Apostles Peter and Paul” by the State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg. (https://hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/32730) - the loss of my stuffed Fringilla coelebs due to insect damage last year (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E8(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
has sub-classes
E96 Purchase c
is in domain of
P22 transferred title to op, P23 transferred title from op, P24 transferred title of op
is in range of
P22i acquired title through op, P23i surrendered title through op, P24i changed ownership through op

E80 Part Removalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E80_Part_Removal

Scope note: This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part. Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated collection, an instance of E78 Curated Holding. If the instance of E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an instance of E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be modelled as both an instance of E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan. Examples: - the removal of the Porite coral specimen from the Cocos Islands by Charles Darwin in April 1836 (Natural History Museum, 2021, b) - the removal of the engine from my car (fictitious) - the disposal of object number 1976:234 from the collection (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - E80(x) ⇒ E11(x)
has super-classes
E11 Modification c
is in domain of
P112 diminished op, P113 removed op
is in range of
P112i was diminished by op, P113i was removed by op

E81 Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E81_Transformation

Scope note: This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity. Although the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history. Even though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it. Examples: - the mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) [the mummification of the body of the deceased is a human production process and simultaneously preserves structures of the body at and before death] (Carter and Mace 1977) - the death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) - the transformation of the Hephaisteion temple in Athens, better known as “Theseion”, into a Christian church, dedicated to Saint George <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George> around AD 700 (E81,E12) [which actually helped preserving part of the antique temple structure from 449BC] In First Order Logic: - E81(x) ⇒ E63(x) - E81(x) ⇒ E64(x)
has super-classes
E63 Beginning of Existence c, E64 End of Existence c
is in domain of
P123 resulted in op, P124 transformed op
is in range of
P123i resulted from op, P124i was transformed by op

E83 Type Creationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E83_Type_Creation

Scope note: This class comprises activities formally defining new types of items. It is typically a rigorous scholarly or scientific process that ensures a type is exhaustively described and appropriately named. In some cases, particularly in archaeology and the life sciences, E83 Type Creation requires the identification of an exemplary specimen and the publication of the type definition in an appropriate scholarly forum. The activity modelled as an instance of E83 Type Creation is central to research in the life sciences, where a type would be referred to as a “taxon,” the type description as a “protologue,” and the exemplary specimens as “original element” or “holotype”. Examples: - creation of the taxon Penicillium brefeldianum (Dodge, 1933) - addition of class E85 Joining to the CIDOC CRM In First Order Logic: - E83(x) ⇒ E65(x)
has super-classes
E65 Creation c
is in domain of
P135 created type op, P136 was based on op
is in range of
P135i was created by op, P136i supported type creation op

E85 Joiningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E85_Joining

Scope note: This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position. Examples: - the election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (Gleick, 2003) - the inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (Butson, 1986) - the implementation of the membership treaty between EU and Denmark, 1(st) January 1993 In First Order Logic: - E85(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P143 joined op, P144 joined with op
is in range of
P143i was joined by op, P144i gained member by op

E86 Leavingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E86_Leaving

Scope note: This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position. Examples: - the end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (Gleick, 2003) - George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (Jones, 1979) - the implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland’s membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 In First Order Logic: - E86(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P145 separated op, P146 separated from op
is in range of
P145i left by op, P146i lost member by op

E87 Curation Activityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E87_Curation_Activity

Scope note: This class comprises the activities that contribute to the management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Curated Holding, following an implicit or explicit curation plan. It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded. Items are accumulated and organized following criteria such as subject, chronological period, material type, style of art, etc., and can be added or removed from an instance of E78 Curated Holding for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items to form a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event, while the activities of evolving, preserving, and promoting a collection are regarded as instances of E87 Curation Activity. Examples: - the curation of Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium 1876 to 1909 (when Foslie died), now at the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norway (Woelkerling et al., 2005) In First Order Logic: - E87(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P147 curated op
is in range of
P147i was curated by op

E89 Propositional Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E89_Propositional_Object

Scope note: This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - Maxwell’s Equations (Ball, 1962) - the ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the Greek texts translated in Oxford edition - the underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36) - the common ideas of the plots of the movie “The Seven Samurai” by Akira Kurosawa and the movie “The Magnificent Seven” by John Sturges (Mellen, 2002) - the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36) - the character “Little Red Riding Hood”, variants of which appear amongst others in Grimm brothers’ “Rotkäppchen”, other oral fairy tales and the film “Hoodwinked” - the place “Havnor” as invented by Ursula K. Le Guin for her “Earthsea” book series, the related maps and appearing in derivative works based on these novels In First Order Logic: - E89(x) ⇒ E28(x)
has super-classes
E28 Conceptual Object c
has sub-classes
E30 Right c, E73 Information Object c
is in domain of
P129 is about op, P148 has component op, P148i is component of op, P67 refers to op
is in range of
P129i is subject of op, P148 has component op, P148i is component of op, P67i is referred to by op

E9 Movec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E9_Move

Scope note: This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event. Examples: - the relocation of London Bridge from the UK to the USA (Wildfang, 2005) - the movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 In First Order Logic: - E9(x) ⇒ E7(x)
has super-classes
E7 Activity c
is in domain of
P25 moved op, P26 moved to op, P27 moved from op
is in range of
P25i moved by op, P26i was destination of op, P27i was origin of op

E90 Symbolic Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E90_Symbolic_Object

Scope note: This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code, or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel). Examples: - ‘ecognizabl’ - the “no-smoking” sign (E36) - “BM000038850.JPG” (E41) [identifies a digital image] (Natural History Museum, 2021) - image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E36) [depicts specimen of Verbesina virginica] (Natural History Museum, 2021) - the distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci’s painting named “Mona Lisa” in daylight (E36) - the Italian text of Dante’s “Divina Commedia” as found in the authoritative critical edition “La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi” (E33) (Petrocchi, 1967) In First Order Logic: - E90(x) ⇒ E28(x) - E90(x) ⇒ E72(x)
has super-classes
E28 Conceptual Object c, E72 Legal Object c
has sub-classes
E41 Appellation c, E73 Information Object c
is in domain of
P106 is composed of op, P106i forms part of op, P128i is carried by op, P142i was used in op, P165i is incorporated in op, P190 has symbolic content dp
is in range of
P106 is composed of op, P106i forms part of op, P128 carries op, P142 used constituent op, P165 incorporates op

E92 Spacetime Volumec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E92_Spacetime_Volume

Scope note: This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time. Examples: - the extent in space and time of the Event of Caesar’s murder (Irwin, 1935) - where and when the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 took place (Kouwenhoven, 1997) - the spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location (Goodwin, 2015) - the extent in space and time defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6(th) and 9(th) August 2002 In First Order Logic: - E92(x) ⇒ E1(x)
has super-classes
E1 CRM Entity c
has sub-classes
E4 Period c, E93 Presence c
is in domain of
P10 falls within op, P10i contains op, P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with op, P133 is spatiotemporally separated from op, P160 has temporal projection op, P161 has spatial projection op, P166i had presence op, P196i is defined by op
is in range of
P10 falls within op, P10i contains op, P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with op, P133 is spatiotemporally separated from op, P160i is temporal projection of op, P161i is spatial projection of op, P166 was a presence of op, P196 defines op

E93 Presencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E93_Presence

Scope note: This class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, whose temporal extent has been chosen in order to determine the spatial extent of a phenomenon over the chosen time-span. Respective phenomena may, for instance, be historical events or periods, but can also be the diachronic extent and existence of physical things. In other words, instances of this class fix a slice of another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume in time. The temporal extent of an instance of E93 Presence typically is predetermined by the researcher so as to focus the investigation particularly on finding the spatial extent of the phenomenon by testing for its characteristic features. There are at least two basic directions such investigations might take. The investigation may wish to determine where something was during some time or it may wish to reconstruct the total passage of a phenomenon’s spacetime volume through an examination of discrete presences. Observation and measurement of features indicating the presence or absence of a phenomenon in some space allows for the progressive approximation of spatial extents through argumentation typically based on inclusion, exclusion and various overlaps. Examples: - the Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (Clare and Edwards, 1992) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1775 (Leppmann, 1970) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (Leppmann, 1970) In First Order Logic: - E93(x) ⇒ E92(x)
has super-classes
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is in domain of
P164 is temporally specified by op, P166 was a presence of op, P167 was within op, P195 was a presence of op, P197 covered parts of op
is in range of
P164i temporally specifies op, P166i had presence op, P167i includes op, P195i had presence op, P197i was partially covered by op

E96 Purchasec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E96_Purchase

Scope note: This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more different instances of E39 Actor, where the transferring party is completely compensated by the payment of a monetary amount. In more detail, a purchase agreement establishes a fixed monetary obligation at its initialization on the receiving party, to the giving party. An instance of E96 Purchase begins with the contract or equivalent agreement and ends with the fulfilment of all contractual obligations. In the case that the activity is abandoned before both parties have fulfilled these obligations, the activity is not regarded as an instance of E96 Purchase. This class is a very specific case of the much more complex social business practices of exchange of goods and the creation and satisfaction of related social obligations. Purchase activities which define individual sales prices per object can be modelled by instantiating E96 Purchase for each object individually and as part of an overall instance of E96 Purchase transaction. Examples: - the purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 in Thessaloniki (Syrmas, 1896) In First Order Logic: - E96(x) ⇒ E8(x)
has super-classes
E8 Acquisition c
is in domain of
P179 had sales price op
is in range of
P179i was sales price of op

E97 Monetary Amountc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E97_Monetary_Amount

Scope note: This class comprises quantities of monetary possessions or obligations in terms of their nominal value with respect to a particular currency. These quantities may be abstract accounting units, the nominal value of a heap of coins or bank notes at the time of validity of the respective currency, the nominal value of a bill of exchange or other documents expressing monetary claims or obligations. It specifically excludes amounts expressed in terms of weights of valuable items, like gold and diamonds, and quantities of other non-currency items, like goats or stocks and bonds. Examples: - Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 In First Order Logic: - E97(x) ⇒ E54(x)
has super-classes
E54 Dimension c
is in domain of
P179i was sales price of op, P180 has currency op
is in range of
P179 had sales price op, P180i was currency of op

E98 Currencyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E98_Currency

Scope note: This class comprises the units in which a monetary system, supported by an administrative authority or other community, quantifies and arithmetically compares all monetary amounts declared in the unit. The unit of a monetary system must describe a nominal value which is kept constant by its administrative authority and an associated banking system if it exists, and not by market value. For instance, one may pay with grams of gold, but the respective monetary amount would have been agreed as the gold price in US dollars on the day of the payment. Under this definition, British Pounds, U.S. Dollars, and European Euros are examples of currency, but “grams of gold” is not. One monetary system has one and only one currency. Instances of this class must not be confused with coin denominations, such as “Dime” or “Sestertius”. Non-monetary exchange of value in terms of quantities of a particular type of goods, such as cows, do not constitute a currency. Examples: - “As” [Roman mid republic] - “Euro” (Temperton, 1997) - “US Dollar” (Rose, 1978) In First Order Logic: - E98(x) ⇒ E58(x)
has super-classes
E58 Measurement Unit c
is in domain of
P180i was currency of op
is in range of
P180 has currency op

E99 Product Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E99_Product_Type

Scope note: This class comprises types that stand as the models for instances of E22 Human-Made Object that are produced as the result of production activities using plans exact enough to result in one or more series of uniform, functionally and aesthetically identical and interchangeable items. The product type is the intended ideal form of the manufacture process. It is typical of instances of E22 Human-Made Object that conform to an instance of E99 Product Type that its component parts are interchangeable with component parts of other instances of E22 Human-Made Object made after the model of the same instance of E99 Product Type. Frequently, the uniform production according to a given instance of E99 Product Type is achieved by creating individual tools, such as moulds or print plates that are themselves carriers of the design of the product type. Modern tools may use the flexibility of electronically controlled devices to achieve such uniformity. The product type itself, i.e. the potentially unlimited series of aesthetically equivalent items, may be the target of artistic design, rather than the individual object. In extreme cases, only one instance of a product type may have been produced, such as in a “print on demand” process which was only triggered once. However, this should not be confused with industrial prototypes, such as car prototypes, which are produced prior to the production line being set up, or test the production line itself. Examples: - Volkswagen Type 11 [Beetle] (Rieger, 2013) - Dragendorff 54 samian vessel - 1937 Edward VIII brass threepenny bit - Qin Crossbow trigger un-notched Part B (Bg2u) (Li, 2012) - Nokia Cityman 1320 [The first Nokia mobile phone] In First Order Logic: - E99(x) ⇒ E55(x)
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in domain of
P186i is produced by op, P187 has production plan op, P188 requires production tool op
is in range of
P186 produced thing of product type op, P187i is production plan for op, P188i is production tool for op

Economic Relevancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000015

Scope note: Economic Relevance pertains to concepts that define the economic significance or impact of entities, events, or activities. This class encompasses terms and categories used to classify and assess the economic aspects of cultural heritage items, historical events, or societal practices. Examples: - The economic impact of the Silk Road trade routes on participating civilizations.​ - The assessment of a museum's collection in terms of its monetary value and contribution to tourism revenue.​ - Analysis of the financial significance of a historical event, such as the Industrial Revolution, on global markets.
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises categories or fields of specialized knowledge, disciplines, or areas of expertise that are used to classify and contextualize instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of Domain represent specific spheres of human thought or activity, providing a framework for understanding the context, provenance, or thematic classification of cultural heritage information.​ The Domain class serves as a means to associate cultural heritage entities with particular areas of study or professional practice, facilitating interdisciplinary research and knowledge organization. For example, associating an artifact with the domain of \"archaeology\" or \"art history\" helps in understanding its scholarly context and the methodologies applied to its study.​ Examples: - Archaeology​ - Art History​ - Ethnomusicology​ - Conservation Science"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
hasEconomicRelevance op

EmptyCollectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EmptyCollection

has super-classes
Collection c
is also defined as
named individual

Endc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#End

An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].
End is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as trigger. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as ender that generated the trigger.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
EntityInfluence c, InstantaneousEvent c
is in domain of
hadActivity op
is in range of
qualifiedEnd op

Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity

An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
E77 Persistent Item c
has sub-classes
Bundle c, Collection c, E71 Human-Made Thing c, E72 Legal Object c, Plan c
is in domain of
alternateOf op, atLocation op, generatedAtTime dp, hadPrimarySource op, invalidatedAtTime dp, qualifiedAttribution op, qualifiedDerivation op, qualifiedGeneration op, qualifiedInfluence op, qualifiedInvalidation op, qualifiedPrimarySource op, qualifiedQuotation op, qualifiedRevision op, specializationOf op, value dp, wasAttributedTo op, wasDerivedFrom op, wasGeneratedBy op, wasInvalidatedBy op, wasQuotedFrom op, wasRevisionOf op
is in range of
alternateOf op, entity op, generated op, hadMember op, hadPrimarySource op, invalidated op, used op, wasDerivedFrom op, wasEndedBy op, wasQuotedFrom op, wasStartedBy op
is disjoint with
Activity c, InstantaneousEvent c

EntityInfluencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInfluence

EntityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Entity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of EntityInfluence use the prov:entity property to cite the influencing Entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Influence c
has sub-classes
Derivation c, End c, Start c, Usage c
is in domain of
entity op
is disjoint with
ActivityInfluence c

Enumerationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Enumeration

Lists or enumerations—for example, a list of cuisines or music genres, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Enumeration
has super-classes
Intangible c
has sub-classes
Specialty c
is in domain of
supersededBy op
is in range of
supersededBy op

Field Of Workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000028

Scope note: This class comprises concepts that denote areas of professional, academic, or creative activity in which individuals, groups, or organizations engage. Instances of Field of Work represent specific domains of expertise or practice, such as "architecture," "literature," or "engineering," and are used to classify and contextualize the roles, contributions, or affiliations of persons within the CIDOC CRM framework.​ By associating persons with a Field of Work, one can provide semantic context regarding the nature of their activities or specializations. Examples: - Architecture​ - Literature​ - Engineering​ - Performing Arts​
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises concepts that denote areas of professional, academic, or creative activity in which individuals, groups, or organizations engage. Instances of Field of Work represent specific domains of expertise or practice, such as \"architecture,\" \"literature,\" or \"engineering,\" and are used to classify and contextualize the roles, contributions, or affiliations of persons within the CIDOC CRM framework.​ By associating persons with a Field of Work, one can provide semantic context regarding the nature of their activities or specializations. Examples: - Architecture​ - Literature​ - Engineering​ - Performing Arts​"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
fieldOfWork op

Forumsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000051

Scope note: This class comprises public squares or marketplaces in ancient Roman cities, which served as the center for judicial, civic, and commercial activities. They were typically surrounded by public buildings and colonnades.
Date:
06T13:54:51Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Open Spaces c

Generationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Generation

An instance of prov:Generation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ].
Generation is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
ActivityInfluence c, InstantaneousEvent c
is in range of
hadGeneration op, qualifiedGeneration op

Genrec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000027

Scope note: The Genre class encompasses concepts that denote specific categories or styles of creative works, including but not limited to:​ - Music Genres: Such as classical, jazz, rock, or electronic.​ - Film Genres: Including drama, comedy, thriller, or documentary.​ - Artistic Genres: Like impressionism, surrealism, or abstract expressionism.​ - Literary Genres: Such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama.​ Instances of the Genre class provide a means to classify and contextualize creative works within their respective domains, enhancing the discovery and analysis of cultural heritage materials based on their genre-specific characteristics.​ Examples: - Jazz (music genre)​ - Film Noir (film genre)​ - Renaissance Art (artistic genre)​ - Science Fiction (literary genre)
rdfs:comment "Scope note: The Genre class encompasses concepts that denote specific categories or styles of creative works, including but not limited to:​ - Music Genres: Such as classical, jazz, rock, or electronic.​ - Film Genres: Including drama, comedy, thriller, or documentary.​ - Artistic Genres: Like impressionism, surrealism, or abstract expressionism.​ - Literary Genres: Such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama.​ Instances of the Genre class provide a means to classify and contextualize creative works within their respective domains, enhancing the discovery and analysis of cultural heritage materials based on their genre-specific characteristics.​ Examples: - Jazz (music genre)​ - Film Noir (film genre)​ - Renaissance Art (artistic genre)​ - Science Fiction (literary genre)"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
genre op

Historical Eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000005

A specialized version of E5_Event, where we only refer to events with historical value. Historical value reflects the role that the heritage item has played in a broader historical narrative, offering insights into cultural, political, social, or technological contexts of specific periods.
has super-classes
Activity c, E5 Event c

Housesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000053

Scope note: This class comprises buildings designed as a dwelling for a single family or a small group of individuals. It is a fundamental unit of residential architecture.
Date:
06T13:56:01Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Residential Buildings c
has sub-classes
Domus c, Villas c

Imagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000086

Scope note: This class comprises digital artefacts that represent visual information, such as a photograph, drawing, or graphic. They are stored as a raster or vector file format.
Date:
06T17:06:03Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Digital Artefact c, E36 Visual Item c

Influencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence

An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable.
Influence is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-classes
ActivityInfluence c, AgentInfluence c, EntityInfluence c
is in domain of
hadActivity op, hadRole op, influencer op
is in range of
qualifiedInfluence op

InstantaneousEventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent

An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.
The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of instantaneous events (or just events), that mark transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful for explaining its other concepts and its semantics.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-classes
End c, Generation c, Invalidation c, Start c, Usage c
is in domain of
atLocation op, atTime dp, hadRole op
is disjoint with
Agent c, Entity c

Instrumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000025

Scope note: This class comprises physical artefacts that are intentionally created and utilized by humans to produce, modify, or measure sound, music, or other forms of audio. Instruments are designed with specific acoustic properties or mechanisms to facilitate the creation or manipulation of auditory phenomena. This includes, but is not limited to, musical instruments such as string, wind, percussion, and electronic instruments.​ Instruments are characterized by their functional design aimed at generating or controlling sound, distinguishing them from other physical artefacts. They may vary in complexity from simple objects like drums and flutes to intricate devices like synthesizers and orchestral instruments.​ Examples: - A Stradivarius violin​ - A Steinway grand piano​ - A traditional African djembe drum​ - A Moog synthesizer
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c

Intangiblec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Intangible

A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Intangible
has super-classes
Thing c
has sub-classes
Class c, Enumeration c, Property c, Role c

Invalidationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Invalidation

An instance of prov:Invalidation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInvalidatedBy relation from an invalidated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that invalidated it. For example, :uncracked_egg prov:wasInvalidatedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ].
Invalidation is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
ActivityInfluence c, InstantaneousEvent c
is in range of
qualifiedInvalidation op

Lettersc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000080

Scope note: This class comprises written messages from one person or group to another, conveyed by a postal service or by hand. They are a form of personal or official communication recorded on a physical medium.
Date:
06T16:16:12Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Documents c

Lingeriec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000077

Scope note: This class comprises women's underwear and nightclothes, often characterized by being lightweight, decorative, and made from fine materials.
Date:
06T16:09:03Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Underwear c

Locationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location

A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
is in range of
atLocation op

Main Garmentsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000063

Scope note: This class comprises the primary items of clothing that form the basis of an outfit, covering the torso and/or lower body.
Date:
06T16:03:15Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Clothing c
has sub-classes
Coats c, Dresses c, Plaids c, Robes c, Suits c, Tunics c

Medalsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000081

Scope note: This class comprises small, portable artistic objects, typically made of metal and circular in shape, issued to commemorate a person or event, or as an award for distinction.
Date:
06T16:18:13Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Artwork c, Awards c

MediaObjectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/MediaObject

A media object, such as an image, video, audio, or text object embedded in a web page or a downloadable dataset i.e. DataDownload. Note that a creative work may have many media objects associated with it on the same web page. For example, a page about a single song (MusicRecording) may have a music video (VideoObject), and a high and low bandwidth audio stream (2 AudioObject's).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/MediaObject
has super-classes
CreativeWork c
has sub-classes
TextObject c

Mosaicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000049

Scope note: This class comprises artworks created by assembling small pieces of material, such as stone, glass, or ceramic, known as tesserae. These pieces are set into an adhesive surface, such as plaster or mortar, to form an image or pattern. Mosaics are typically used to decorate floors, walls, or ceilings.
Date:
06T13:52:27Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Artwork c

Mosquesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000045

Scope note: This class comprises buildings that serve as places of worship for Muslims. Mosques are characterized by specific features such as a mihrab (prayer niche indicating the direction of Mecca) and a minbar (pulpit).
Date:
06T13:49:10Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Religious Buildings c

Movementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000036

Scope note: This class comprises concepts that denote distinct movements or scenes in the realms of literature, art, science, or philosophy. It is used to classify and contextualize creative and intellectual currents by grouping together works or individuals according to shared aesthetics, ideologies, methodologies, or historical trends. Examples: - Impressionism - Romanticism - Modernism - Existentialism
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises concepts that denote distinct movements or scenes in the realms of literature, art, science, or philosophy. It is used to classify and contextualize creative and intellectual currents by grouping together works or individuals according to shared aesthetics, ideologies, methodologies, or historical trends. Examples: - Impressionism - Romanticism - Modernism - Existentialism"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
movement op

Museumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000020

Scope note: This class comprises organizations that are established to collect, preserve, research, interpret, and exhibit tangible and intangible cultural heritage for the purposes of education, study, and enjoyment. Museums operate as collective entities, often encompassing various departments and professionals, and may be public or private institutions.​ As instances of E74 Group, museums are characterized by their organizational structure and collective actions aimed at the stewardship of cultural artifacts and information. They may also engage in activities such as publishing, educational programming, and community outreach.​ Museums can vary widely in scope and specialization, including but not limited to art museums, history museums, science museums, and ethnographic museums. Their defining feature is the systematic curation and presentation of collections to the public or specific audiences.​ Examples: - The British Museum​ - The Louvre​ - The Metropolitan Museum of Art​ - The National Museum of Denmark
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises organizations that are established to collect, preserve, research, interpret, and exhibit tangible and intangible cultural heritage for the purposes of education, study, and enjoyment. Museums operate as collective entities, often encompassing various departments and professionals, and may be public or private institutions.​ As instances of E74 Group, museums are characterized by their organizational structure and collective actions aimed at the stewardship of cultural artifacts and information. They may also engage in activities such as publishing, educational programming, and community outreach.​ Museums can vary widely in scope and specialization, including but not limited to art museums, history museums, science museums, and ethnographic museums. Their defining feature is the systematic curation and presentation of collections to the public or specific audiences.​ Examples: - The British Museum​ - The Louvre​ - The Metropolitan Museum of Art​ - The National Museum of Denmark"@en
has super-classes
E74 Group c
is in domain of
P109 has current or former curator op

Necropolisc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000058

Scope note: This class comprises large, designed cemeteries or burial sites from ancient civilizations. The term literally means "city of the dead," and these sites often feature elaborate tomb structures.
Date:
06T13:58:31Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Cemeteries c

Offerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Offer

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Assertion c, Privacy Policy c, Request c, Set c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Open Spacesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000050

Scope note: This class comprises unenclosed areas within a built environment that are designed for public use, gathering, or passage. These spaces are defined by the architectural and landscape elements that surround them.
Date:
06T13:54:47Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Forums c

Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization

An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Agent c, E74 Group c

Outerwearc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000064

Scope note: This class comprises garments worn over other clothes, especially for warmth or protection when outdoors.
Date:
06T16:03:22Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Clothing c
has sub-classes
Cloaks c, Coats c

Paintingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000061

Scope note: This class comprises artworks created by applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support") such as a canvas, wall, or panel. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used.
Date:
06T14:10:26Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Artwork c

Partyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Party

has super-classes
E39 Actor c
has sub-classes
Party Collection c
is in domain of
Assignee Of op, Assigner Of op, Part Of op
is in range of
Assignee op, Assigner op, Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Party Collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/PartyCollection

has super-classes
Party c
is in domain of
Refinement op
is in range of
Part Of op
is also defined as
named individual

Permissionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Permission

has super-classes
Rule c
is in domain of
Has Duty op
is in range of
Has Permission op
is disjoint with
Duty c, Prohibition c
is also defined as
named individual

Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person

Person agents are people.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Agent c, E20 Biological Object c, E39 Actor c
has sub-classes
Artist c

Personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Person

A person (alive, dead, undead, or fictional).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Person
has super-classes
Thing c
is in domain of
nationality op

Physical Artefactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000023

Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.​ Physical Artefacts are distinguished by their tangible nature and intentional creation, serving various purposes such as utility, artistic expression, or cultural significance. They may range from individual items like tools and artworks to assembled collections designed to function as a whole.​ Examples: - The Rosetta Stone - LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard [the World’s fastest steam locomotive, preserved at the National Railway Museum of York, UK] - The Portland Vase
has super-classes
E22 Human-Made Object c
has sub-classes
Artwork c, Awards c, Clothing c, Complexes c, Documents c, Instrument c, Open Spaces c, Structures c

Placec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Place

Entities that have a somewhat fixed, physical extension.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Place
has super-classes
Thing c
has sub-classes
AdministrativeArea c

Plaidsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000068

Scope note: This class comprises a piece of cloth, typically with a tartan pattern, worn as part of Scottish Highland dress. It is draped over the shoulder as an accessory or used as a blanket.
Date:
06T16:04:29Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c

Planc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan

There exist no prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time, it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.
A plan is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
E70 Thing c, Entity c
is in range of
hadPlan op

Political movementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000013

Wikidata: Q2738074, movement to obtain a political goal Scope note: A Political Movement is a collective effort by a group of people aiming to influence government policy, social values, or achieve specific political objectives. These movements are typically organized around particular issues or ideologies and seek to bring about change within the political system. They differ from political parties, which aim to gain political office, by focusing on specific goals rather than seeking electoral power. ​ Examples: - The Anti-Apartheid Movement, which campaigned against the system of racial segregation in South Africa.​ - The Tea Party Movement in the United States, advocating for reduced government spending and taxation.​ - The Brexit Movement, which sought the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union.
rdfs:comment "Wikidata: Q2738074, movement to obtain a political goal Scope note: A Political Movement is a collective effort by a group of people aiming to influence government policy, social values, or achieve specific political objectives. These movements are typically organized around particular issues or ideologies and seek to bring about change within the political system. They differ from political parties, which aim to gain political office, by focusing on specific goals rather than seeking electoral power. ​ Examples: - The Anti-Apartheid Movement, which campaigned against the system of racial segregation in South Africa.​ - The Tea Party Movement in the United States, advocating for reduced government spending and taxation.​ - The Brexit Movement, which sought the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union."
has super-classes
Social movement c

PrimarySourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#PrimarySource

An instance of prov:PrimarySource provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadPrimarySource relation from some secondary prov:Entity to an earlier, primary prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadPrimarySource :newsArticle; prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ] .
A primary source for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. Because of the directness of primary sources, they 'speak for themselves' in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be investigated. A primary source relation is a particular case of derivation of secondary materials from their primary sources. It is recognized that the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and should be done according to conventions accepted within the application's domain.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Derivation c
is in range of
qualifiedPrimarySource op

Privacy Policyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Privacy

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Assertion c, Offer c, Request c, Set c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Prohibitionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Prohibition

has super-classes
Rule c
is in domain of
Remedy op
is in range of
Has Prohibition op
is disjoint with
Duty c, Permission c
is also defined as
named individual

Propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Property

A property, used to indicate attributes and relationships of some Thing; equivalent to rdf:Property.
Is defined by
https://meta.schema.org/Property
has super-classes
Intangible c
is in domain of
supersededBy op
is in range of
supersededBy op

Quotationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Quotation

An instance of prov:Quotation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation from some taken prov:Entity from an earlier, larger prov:Entity. For example, :here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script; prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo :bar ].
A quotation is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. Quotation is a particular case of derivation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Derivation c
is in range of
qualifiedQuotation op

Religious Buildingsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000021

Scope note: This class comprises structures designed and utilized for religious or spiritual activities, including worship, ceremony, and contemplation. These buildings are often characterized by specific architectural forms and iconographic elements that reflect the beliefs and practices of a particular faith or denomination.
Date:
06T13:45:29Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Building c
has sub-classes
Chapels c, Churches c, Domus Ecclesiae c, Mosques c, Temples c

Religious movementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000011

Wikidata: Q1826286, social and ideological movement in the religious sphere Scope note: A Religious Movement is a collective effort by a group of people aiming to promote, reform, or resist changes within religious beliefs, practices, or institutions. Examples: - The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which led to significant changes in Christian practices and beliefs.​ - The Charismatic Movement, emphasizing direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.​ - The New Age Movement, a broad range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices that developed in the Western world during the 1970s.
rdfs:comment "Wikidata: Q1826286, social and ideological movement in the religious sphere Scope note: A Religious Movement is a collective effort by a group of people aiming to promote, reform, or resist changes within religious beliefs, practices, or institutions. Examples: - The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which led to significant changes in Christian practices and beliefs.​ - The Charismatic Movement, emphasizing direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.​ - The New Age Movement, a broad range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices that developed in the Western world during the 1970s."@en
has super-classes
Social movement c

Requestc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Request

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Assertion c, Offer c, Privacy Policy c, Set c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Residential Buildingsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000052

Scope note: This class comprises buildings designed and used for human habitation. It encompasses various forms of domestic architecture, from single-family homes to larger, more complex dwellings.
Date:
06T13:55:50Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Building c
has sub-classes
Houses c

Revisionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Revision

An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some newer prov:Entity to an earlier prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ].
A revision is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. The implication here is that the resulting entity contains substantial content from the original. Revision is a particular case of derivation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Derivation c
is in range of
qualifiedRevision op

Robesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000069

Scope note: This class comprises long, loose outer garments, often worn as a sign of office or for ceremonial occasions, or informally at home.
Date:
06T16:04:34Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c

Rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role

A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
is in range of
hadRole op

Rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Role

Represents additional information about a relationship or property. For example a Role can be used to say that a 'member' role linking some SportsTeam to a player occurred during a particular time period. Or that a Person's 'actor' role in a Movie was for some particular characterName. Such properties can be attached to a Role entity, which is then associated with the main entities using ordinary properties like 'member' or 'actor'.<br/><br/> See also <a href="https://blog.schema.org/2014/06/16/introducing-role/">blog post</a>.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Role
has super-classes
Intangible c
is in domain of
roleName op
is in range of
description op, nationality op, roleName op, specialty op, supersededBy op

Setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Set

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Assertion c, Offer c, Privacy Policy c, Request c, Ticket c
is also defined as
named individual

Social movementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000010

From wikidata (Q49773): loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular set of goals Scope note: A Social Movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular set of goals, typically aiming to promote or resist changes in society's structure or values. These movements are characterized by collective action, where individuals unite based on shared beliefs or objectives, often seeking social, political, economic, or cultural transformations. ​ Social movements differ from formal organizations in that they may lack a defined organizational structure or formal membership, relying instead on informal networks and shared commitments. They can vary widely in size and scope, ranging from localized grassroots initiatives to large-scale national or international campaigns. The methods employed can include protests, demonstrations, advocacy, and other forms of collective action aimed at influencing public opinion and policy. ​ Examples: - The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, - The Environmental Movement - The Feminist Movement, - The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement
rdfs:comment "From wikidata (Q49773): loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular set of goals Scope note: A Social Movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular set of goals, typically aiming to promote or resist changes in society's structure or values. These movements are characterized by collective action, where individuals unite based on shared beliefs or objectives, often seeking social, political, economic, or cultural transformations. ​ Social movements differ from formal organizations in that they may lack a defined organizational structure or formal membership, relying instead on informal networks and shared commitments. They can vary widely in size and scope, ranging from localized grassroots initiatives to large-scale national or international campaigns. The methods employed can include protests, demonstrations, advocacy, and other forms of collective action aimed at influencing public opinion and policy. ​ Examples: - The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, - The Environmental Movement - The Feminist Movement, - The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement"@en
has super-classes
E55 Type c
has sub-classes
Cultural movement c, Political movement c, Religious movement c
is in range of
socialMovement op

SoftwareAgentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent

A software agent is running software.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
Agent c

Specialtyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Specialty

Any branch of a field in which people typically develop specific expertise, usually after significant study, time, and effort.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Specialty
has super-classes
Enumeration c
is in range of
specialty op

Startc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Start

An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ] .
Start is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as trigger. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as starter, that generated the trigger.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
EntityInfluence c, InstantaneousEvent c
is in domain of
hadActivity op
is in range of
qualifiedStart op

Structuresc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000046

Scope note: This class comprises man-made objects that are constructed or organized in a particular way, often on a large scale. This class is a superclass for buildings and other constructed entities that may not be fully enclosed.
Date:
06T13:50:08Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Physical Artefact c
has sub-classes
Building c

Suitsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000070

Scope note: This class comprises a set of outer clothes made of the same fabric and designed to be worn together, typically consisting of at least a jacket and trousers or a skirt.
Date:
06T16:04:39Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c

Symbolismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000016

Scope note: This class comprises the concepts, ideas, or qualities that an object, character, or event represents. Symbolism provides a deeper, often abstract, meaning that transcends the literal interpretation of an entity, reflecting cultural, religious, or historical contexts. It serves to connect a physical or conceptual entity to a broader narrative or ideology. Examples: - A dove representing peace. - The lion as a symbol of courage and royalty. - A skull symbolizing death and mortality (memento mori).
has super-classes
E55 Type c
is in range of
hasSymbolism op

Templesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000043

Scope note: This class comprises buildings reserved for religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. It is a term used for houses of worship in many different religions.
Date:
06T13:48:27Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Religious Buildings c

Textc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Text

Data type: Text.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Text
has super-classes
DataType c
has sub-classes
URL c
is in range of
description op, nationality op, roleName op, specialty op, supersededBy op

TextObjectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/TextObject

A text file. The text can be unformatted or contain markup, html, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/TextObject
has super-classes
MediaObject c
is in range of
description op

Thingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/Thing

The most generic type of item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/Thing
has sub-classes
CreativeWork c, Intangible c, Person c, Place c
is in domain of
description op

Ticketc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Ticket

has super-classes
Policy c
is disjoint with
Agreement c, Assertion c, Offer c, Privacy Policy c, Request c, Set c
is also defined as
named individual

Tombsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000060

Scope note: This class comprises structures or chambers used for the burial or interment of the dead. Tombs can range from simple graves to elaborate mausoleums and pyramids.
Date:
06T14:02:13Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Ceremonial Buildings c

Tunicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000071

Scope note: This class comprises a simple garment, typically sleeveless or with short sleeves, that hangs from the shoulders to a length between the hips and the knees. It was a common garment in ancient Greece and Rome and remains a feature of some modern clothing styles.
Date:
06T16:04:46Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Main Garments c

Underdressesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000076

Scope note: This class comprises a simple dress-like garment worn underneath a more elaborate outer dress, either for warmth, to provide structure, or to protect the outer layer.
Date:
06T16:08:46Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Underwear c

Underpantsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000075

Scope note: This class comprises undergarments worn on the lower part of the body.
Date:
06T16:08:38Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Underwear c

Underskirtsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000078

Scope note: This class comprises skirts worn underneath an outer skirt for warmth, modesty, or to give the outer skirt a desired shape and volume.
Date:
06T16:09:13Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Underwear c

Underwearc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000065

Scope note: This class comprises garments worn next to the skin, underneath other clothing.
Date:
06T16:03:30Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Clothing c
has sub-classes
Chemises c, Lingerie c, Underdresses c, Underpants c, Underskirts c

URLc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/URL

Data type: URL.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/URL
has super-classes
Text c
is in range of
description op, nationality op, roleName op, specialty op, supersededBy op

Usagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage

An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ].
Usage is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-classes
EntityInfluence c, InstantaneousEvent c
is in range of
hadUsage op, qualifiedUsage op

Userc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000002

Scope note: This class comprises agents, whether human individuals, groups, or non-human entities such as software applications, algorithms, or automated processes, that interact with digital systems or services by initiating actions, consuming resources, or producing outputs. Users are characterized by their capacity to perform intentional actions within a digital environment, for which they can be held responsible.​ Unlike E21 Person, which is limited to real or assumed human individuals, the class User encompasses a broader range of agents, including non-human actors that operate autonomously or semi-autonomously within digital contexts. This includes, but is not limited to, artificial intelligence models, automated scripts, and other algorithmic entities that engage with web services or digital platforms.​ The classification of an entity as a User does not necessitate legal personhood or consciousness; rather, it is based on the entity's functional role in interacting with digital systems in a manner that can be documented and attributed.​ Examples: - A registered individual accessing an online museum catalog.​ - An AI-driven recommendation engine suggesting artifacts to users.​ - A software bot performing automated data curation tasks.​
rdfs:comment "Scope note: This class comprises agents, whether human individuals, groups, or non-human entities such as software applications, algorithms, or automated processes, that interact with digital systems or services by initiating actions, consuming resources, or producing outputs. Users are characterized by their capacity to perform intentional actions within a digital environment, for which they can be held responsible.​ Unlike E21 Person, which is limited to real or assumed human individuals, the class User encompasses a broader range of agents, including non-human actors that operate autonomously or semi-autonomously within digital contexts. This includes, but is not limited to, artificial intelligence models, automated scripts, and other algorithmic entities that engage with web services or digital platforms.​ The classification of an entity as a User does not necessitate legal personhood or consciousness; rather, it is based on the entity's functional role in interacting with digital systems in a manner that can be documented and attributed.​ Examples: - A registered individual accessing an online museum catalog.​ - An AI-driven recommendation engine suggesting artifacts to users.​ - A software bot performing automated data curation tasks.​"@en
has super-classes
E39 Actor c

Videoc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000088

Scope note: This class comprises digital artefacts consisting of a recording of moving visual images. It can include synchronized audio.
Date:
06T17:06:14Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Digital Artefact c, E36 Visual Item c

Villasc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000054

Scope note: This class comprises large, luxurious country houses with substantial grounds. Originally referring to large Roman country estates, the term is now used for significant rural or suburban residences.
Date:
06T13:56:22Z/06/2025
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-7033
has super-classes
Houses c

WebPagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/WebPage

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as <code>breadcrumb</code> may be used. We recommend explicit declaration if these properties are specified, but if they are found outside of an itemscope, they will be assumed to be about the page.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/WebPage
has super-classes
CreativeWork c
is in domain of
specialty op

Object Properties

actedOnBehalfOfop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf

An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Agent c
has range
Agent c

activityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#activity

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
influencer op
has domain
ActivityInfluence c
has range
Activity c

agentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
influencer op
has domain
AgentInfluence c
has range
Agent c

alternateOfop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#alternateOf

Two alternate entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-properties
specializationOf op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Entity c

Andop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/and

has super-properties
Operand op
is also defined as
named individual

And Sequenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/andSequence

has super-properties
Operand op
is also defined as
named individual

Assigneeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assignee

has super-properties
Function op
has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Party c
is also defined as
named individual

Assignee Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assigneeOf

has domain
Party c
has range
Policy c
is also defined as
named individual

Assignerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assigner

has super-properties
Function op
has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Party c
is also defined as
named individual

Assigner Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assignerOf

has domain
Party c
has range
Policy c
is also defined as
named individual

atLocationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation

The Location of any resource.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Activity c or Agent c or Entity c or InstantaneousEvent c
has range
Location c

Attributed Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attributedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Attributing Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attributingParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Compensated Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/compensatedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Compensating Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/compensatingParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Consented Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consentedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Consenting Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consentingParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Consequenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consequence

has super-properties
Failure op
has domain
Duty c
has range
Duty c
is also defined as
named individual

Contracted Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/contractedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Contracting Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/contractingParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Datatypeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/dataType

has domain
Constraint c
has range
Datatype c
is also defined as
named individual

descriptionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/description

A description of the item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/description
has domain
Thing c
has range
Role c or Text c or TextObject c or URL c

diameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000032

has super-properties
P40 observed dimension op

entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
influencer op
has domain
EntityInfluence c
has range
Entity c

europeanaop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000039

has super-properties
P1 is identified by op

expressedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000006

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E30 Right c
has range
Policy c

Failureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/failure

has sub-properties
Consequence op, Remedy op
has domain
Rule c
has range
Rule c
is also defined as
named individual

fieldOfWorkop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000026

Quantification: Many-to-many (0,n: 0,n) Scope note: This property links an instance of an Actor (typically an instance of E21 Person) with a Field of Work, an element of the controlled vocabulary defined as a subclass of E55 Type. It is used to classify the professional or creative domain in which an Actor (especially an artist) is active. Examples: - An artist (E21 Person) might have a fieldOfWork assignment indicating they work in “Painting” (an instance of Field of Work). - A creator could be linked to the fieldOfWork “Sculpture” as well as “Mixed Media,” reflecting multiple areas of engagement.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
Field Of Work c

Functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/function

has sub-properties
Assignee op, Assigner op, Attributed Party op, Attributing Party op, Compensated Party op, Compensating Party op, Consented Party op, Consenting Party op, Contracted Party op, Contracting Party op, Informed Party op, Tracked Party op, Tracking Party op
has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Party c
is also defined as
named individual

generatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
influenced op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Entity c
is inverse of
wasGeneratedBy op

genreop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000017

Quantification: Many-to-many (0,n: 0,n) Scope note: This property associates an Entity with a particular Genre. The Genre is defined as a subclass of E55 Type and represents a category of artistic, stylistic, thematic, or aesthetic classification. Whether applied to an artist or a creative work, the property genre consistently indicates the genre within which the work or the artist’s creative output is situated. Examples: - An artist might be associated with the genre "Impressionism" to indicate that their body of work is typically aligned with this artistic style. - A painting (as a physical artefact) may be categorized under "Portrait" to denote the genre of the artwork.
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
Genre c

hadActivityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadActivity

The _optional_ Activity of an Influence, which used, generated, invalidated, or was the responsibility of some Entity. This property is _not_ used by ActivityInfluence (use prov:activity instead).
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Influence c
Delegation c or Derivation c or End c or Start c
has range
Activity c

hadGenerationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadGeneration

The _optional_ Generation involved in an Entity's Derivation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Derivation c
has range
Generation c

hadMemberop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Collection c
has range
Entity c

hadPlanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan

The _optional_ Plan adopted by an Agent in Association with some Activity. Plan specifications are out of the scope of this specification.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Association c
has range
Plan c

hadPrimarySourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPrimarySource

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasDerivedFrom op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedPrimarySource op o entity op

hadRoleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole

The _optional_ Role that an Entity assumed in the context of an Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Influence c
Association c or InstantaneousEvent c
has range
Role c

hadUsageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage

The _optional_ Usage involved in an Entity's Derivation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Derivation c
has range
Usage c

Handle Policy Conflictsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/conflict

has domain
Policy c
has range
Conflict Strategy Preference c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Actionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/action

has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Action c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Constraintop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/constraint

has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Constraint c or Logical Constraint c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Dutyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/duty

has domain
Permission c
has range
Duty c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Left Operandop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/leftOperand

has domain
Constraint c
has range
Left Operand c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Operatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/operator

has domain
Constraint c
has range
Operator c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Permissionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/permission

has domain
Policy c
has range
Permission c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Prohibitionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/prohibition

has domain
Policy c
has range
Prohibition c
is also defined as
named individual

Has Right Operandop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/rightOperand

has domain
Constraint c
has range
Literal c or any U R I c or Right Operand c
is also defined as
data property, named individual

hasDomainop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000000

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
Domain c

hasEconomicRelevanceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000001

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
Economic Relevance c

hasSymbolismop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000004

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
Symbolism c

heightop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000030

has super-properties
P40 observed dimension op

Impliesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/implies

has domain
Action c
has range
Action c
is also defined as
named individual

Included Inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/includedIn

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
Action c
has range
Action c
is also defined as
named individual

influencedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influenced

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-properties
generated op, invalidated op
is inverse of
wasInfluencedBy op

influencerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#influencer

Subproperties of prov:influencer are used to cite the object of an unqualified PROV-O triple whose predicate is a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy (e.g. prov:used, prov:wasGeneratedBy). prov:influencer is used much like rdf:object is used.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-properties
activity op, agent op, entity op
has domain
Influence c

Informed Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/informedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Inherits Fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/inheritFrom

has domain
Policy c
has range
Policy c
is also defined as
named individual

interestop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/interest

A page about a topic of interest to this person.
Is defined by
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
Term status
testing
has domain
E39 Actor c
Agent c
has range
Document c

invalidatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidated

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
influenced op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Entity c
is inverse of
wasInvalidatedBy op

lengthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000034

has super-properties
P40 observed dimension op

movementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000035

has super-properties
top Object Property op, wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
Movement c

nationalityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/nationality

Nationality of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/nationality
has domain
E39 Actor c
Person c
has range
Country c or Role c or Text c or URL c

Obligationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/obligation

has domain
Policy c
has range
Duty c
is also defined as
named individual

Only Oneop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/xone

has super-properties
Operand op
is also defined as
named individual

Operandop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/operand

has sub-properties
And op, And Sequence op, Only One op, Or op
has domain
Logical Constraint c
is also defined as
named individual

Orop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/or

has super-properties
Operand op
is also defined as
named individual

Outputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/output

has super-properties
Relation op
has domain
Rule c
has range
Asset c
is also defined as
named individual

P1 is identified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P1_is_identified_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the naming or identification of any real-world item by a name or any other identifier. This property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment. This property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140i was attributed by, E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned to E42 Identifier. It is also a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P1 is identified by, E41 Appellation, P139 has alternative form to E41 Appellation. Examples: - The capital of Italy (E53) is identified by “Rome” (E41). (Leach, 2017) - Text 25014–32 (E33) is identified by “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” (E35). (Gibbon, 2013) In First Order Logic: - P1(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P1(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) - P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E15(z)˄ P140i(x,z) ˄ P37(z,y)] - P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E41(z)˄ P1(x,z) ˄ P139(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P102 has title op, P48 has preferred identifier op, europeana op, website op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E41 Appellation c
is inverse of
P1i identifies op

P10 falls withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P10_falls_within

Quantification: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that falls within the latter. In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples: - The Great Plague (E4) falls within The Gothic period (E4). (Porter, 2009) In First Order Logic: - P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P10(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y) - P10(x,y) ∧ P10(y,z)] ⇒ P10(x,z) - P10(x,x)
has super-properties
P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with op
has sub-properties
P166 was a presence of op, P9i forms part of op
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P10i contains op

P100 was death ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P100_was_death_of

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E69 Death to the instance of E21 Person that died. An instance of E69 Death may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster. This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. Examples: - Mozart’s death (E69) was death of Mozart (E21). (Sitwell, 2017) In First Order Logic: - P100(x,y) ⇒ E69(x) - P100(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P100(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93 took out of existence op
has domain
E69 Death c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P100i died in op

P100i died inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P100i_died_in

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E69 Death to the instance of E21 Person that died. An instance of E69 Death may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster. This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. Examples of the inverse property: - Mozart’s death (E69) was death of Mozart (E21). (Sitwell, 2017) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P100(x,y) ⇒ E69(x) - P100(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P100(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93i was taken out of existence by op
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E69 Death c
is inverse of
P100 was death of op

P101 had as general useop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P101_had_as_general_use

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E70 Thing with an instance of E55 Type that describes the type of use that it was actually employed for. It allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and the general methods and techniques of real use to be documented. This may well be different from the intended functional purpose of the instance of E70 Thing (which can be documented with P103 was intended for (was intention of)). For example, it could be recorded that a particular wooden crate had a general use as a shelf support on a market stall even though it had been originally intended for carrying vegetables. The use of this property is intended to allow the documentation of usage patterns attested in historical records or through scientific investigation (for instance ceramic residue analysis). It should not be used to document the intended, and thus assumed, use of an object. Examples: - Tony Gill’s Ford Mustang (E22) had as general use transportation (E55). - The Egyptian unglazed vessel used in the 2003 study reported by Barnard et al. (E22) had as general use camel milk preparation (E55). (Barnard et al., 2007) In First Order Logic: - P101(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P101(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P101(x,y) ⇒ (∃z)[E7(z) ∧ P16i(,x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P101i was use of op

P101i was use ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P101i_was_use_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E70 Thing with an instance of E55 Type that describes the type of use that it was actually employed for. It allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and the general methods and techniques of real use to be documented. This may well be different from the intended functional purpose of the instance of E70 Thing (which can be documented with P103 was intended for (was intention of)). For example, it could be recorded that a particular wooden crate had a general use as a shelf support on a market stall even though it had been originally intended for carrying vegetables. The use of this property is intended to allow the documentation of usage patterns attested in historical records or through scientific investigation (for instance ceramic residue analysis). It should not be used to document the intended, and thus assumed, use of an object. Examples of the inverse property: - Tony Gill’s Ford Mustang (E22) had as general use transportation (E55). - The Egyptian unglazed vessel used in the 2003 study reported by Barnard et al. (E22) had as general use camel milk preparation (E55). (Barnard et al., 2007) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P101(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P101(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P101(x,y) ⇒ (∃z)[E7(z) ∧ P16i(,x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E70 Thing c
is inverse of
P101 had as general use op

P102 has titleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P102_has_title

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E35 Title that has been applied to an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing. The P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the title was a given title, a supplied title etc. It allows any human-made material or immaterial thing to be given a title. It is possible to imagine a title being created without a specific object in mind. Examples: - The first book of the Old Testament (E33) has title “Genesis” (E35) has type translated title (E55) (E55). (Brueggemann, 1982) - Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d’Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “La Pie” (E35) has type creator’s title (E55). (Musée d’Orsay, 2020) - Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d'Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “The Magpie” (E35) has type translated title (E55). (Musée d'Orsay, 2020) Properties: - P102.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P102(x,y) ⇒ E71(x) - P102(x,y) ⇒ E35(y) - P102(x,y,z) ⇒ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P102(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)
has super-properties
P1 is identified by op
has domain
E71 Human-Made Thing c
has range
E35 Title c
is inverse of
P102i is title of op

P102i is title ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P102i_is_title_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E35 Title that has been applied to an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing. The P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the title was a given title, a supplied title etc. It allows any human-made material or immaterial thing to be given a title. It is possible to imagine a title being created without a specific object in mind. Examples of the inverse property: - The first book of the Old Testament (E33) has title “Genesis” (E35) has type translated title (E55) (E55). (Brueggemann, 1982) - Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d’Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “La Pie” (E35) has type creator’s title (E55). (Musée d’Orsay, 2020) - Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d'Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “The Magpie” (E35) has type translated title (E55). (Musée d'Orsay, 2020) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P102(x,y) ⇒ E71(x) - P102(x,y) ⇒ E35(y) - P102(x,y,z) ⇒ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P102(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)
has super-properties
P1i identifies op
has domain
E35 Title c
has range
E71 Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P102 has title op

P103 was intended forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P103_was_intended_for

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property links an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing to an instance of E55 Type of usage or audience. It creates a relation between specific human-made things, both physical and immaterial, to E55 Types. This property can be used to specify intended methods and techniques of use or to characterise the intended audience by indicating a type of personal characteristic that everyone falling into the target audience has. Note: A link between specific human-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for). Examples: - This plate (E22) was intended for being destroyed at wedding reception (E55). (fictitious) - “Reading for life, a first book for adults and their tutors” (E28) was intended for adult literacy learners in the English language (E55). (Allen, 1987) - “Piglet has a bath” (E28), published on sealed plastic pages, was intended for young children having a bath (E55). (Milne & Shepard, 1998) In First Order Logic: - P103(x,y) ⇒ E71(x) - P103(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has domain
E71 Human-Made Thing c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P103i was intention of op

P103i was intention ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P103i_was_intention_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing to an instance of E55 Type of usage or audience. It creates a relation between specific human-made things, both physical and immaterial, to E55 Types. This property can be used to specify intended methods and techniques of use or to characterise the intended audience by indicating a type of personal characteristic that everyone falling into the target audience has. Note: A link between specific human-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for). Examples of the inverse property: - This plate (E22) was intended for being destroyed at wedding reception (E55). (fictitious) - “Reading for life, a first book for adults and their tutors” (E28) was intended for adult literacy learners in the English language (E55). (Allen, 1987) - “Piglet has a bath” (E28), published on sealed plastic pages, was intended for young children having a bath (E55). (Milne & Shepard, 1998) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P103(x,y) ⇒ E71(x) - P103(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E71 Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P103 was intended for op

P104 is subject toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P104_is_subject_to

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property links a particular instance of E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject. The Right is held by an instance of E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by). Examples: - The Beatles back catalogue (E89) is subject to reproduction right on the Beatles back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic: - P104(x,y) ⇒ E72(x) - P104(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)
has domain
E72 Legal Object c
has range
E30 Right c
is inverse of
P104i applies to op

P104i applies toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P104i_applies_to

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links a particular instance of E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject. The Right is held by an instance of E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by). Examples of the inverse property: - The Beatles back catalogue (E89) is subject to reproduction right on the Beatles back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P104(x,y) ⇒ E72(x) - P104(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)
has domain
E30 Right c
has range
E72 Legal Object c
is inverse of
P104 is subject to op

P105 right held byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P105_right_held_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an instance of E72 Legal Object. It is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object, P104 is subject to, E30 Right, P75i is possessed by to E39 Actor. Examples: - The Beatles back catalogue (E73) right held by Michael Jackson (E21). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic: - P105(x,y) ⇒ E72(x) - P105(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P105(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E30(z) ˄ P104(x,z) ˄ P75i(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P52 has current owner op
has domain
E72 Legal Object c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P105i has right on op

P105i has right onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P105i_has_right_on

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an instance of E72 Legal Object. It is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object, P104 is subject to, E30 Right, P75i is possessed by to E39 Actor. Examples of the inverse property: - The Beatles back catalogue (E73) right held by Michael Jackson (E21). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P105(x,y) ⇒ E72(x) - P105(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P105(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E30(z) ˄ P104(x,z) ˄ P75i(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P52i is current owner of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E72 Legal Object c
is inverse of
P105 right held by op

P106 is composed ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P106_is_composed_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image. This property is transitive asymmetric. Examples: - This Scope note of property P106 (E33) is composed of ‘fragments of texts’ (E33). - ‘recognizable’ (E90) is composed of ‘ecognizabl’ (E90). In First Order Logic: - P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(x) - P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - [P106(x,y) ∧ P106(y,z)] ⇒ P106(x,z) - P106(x,y) ⇒ ¬P106(y,x)
has sub-properties
P165 incorporates op
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c
has range
E90 Symbolic Object c
is inverse of
P106i forms part of op

P106i forms part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P106i_forms_part_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image. This property is transitive asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - This Scope note of property P106 (E33) is composed of ‘fragments of texts’ (E33). - ‘recognizable’ (E90) is composed of ‘ecognizabl’ (E90). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(x) - P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - [P106(x,y) ∧ P106(y,z)] ⇒ P106(x,z) - P106(x,y) ⇒ ¬P106(y,x)
has sub-properties
P165i is incorporated in op
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c
has range
E90 Symbolic Object c
is inverse of
P106 is composed of op

P107 has current or former memberop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P107_has_current_or_former_member

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E74 Group with an instance of E39 Actor that is or has been a member thereof. Instances of E74 Group and E21 Person may all be members of instances of E74 Group. An instance of E74 Group may be founded initially without any member. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined to E39 Actor. The property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group. Examples: - László Moholy-Nagy (E21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (E74). (Moholy-Nagy, 2012) - National Museum of Science and Industry (E74) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (E74). (Rolt, 1971) - The married couple Queen Elisabeth and Prince Phillip (E74) has current or former member Prince Phillip (E21) kind of member husband (E55). (Brandreth, 2004) Properties: - P107.1 kind of member: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P107(x,y) ⇒ E74(x) - P107(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P107(x,y,z) ⇒ [P107(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P107(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E85(z) ˄ P144i(x,z) ˄ P143(z,y)]
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P107i is current or former member of op

P107i is current or former member ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P107i_is_current_or_former_member_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E74 Group with an instance of E39 Actor that is or has been a member thereof. Instances of E74 Group and E21 Person may all be members of instances of E74 Group. An instance of E74 Group may be founded initially without any member. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined to E39 Actor. The property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group. Examples of the inverse property: - László Moholy-Nagy (E21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (E74). (Moholy-Nagy, 2012) - National Museum of Science and Industry (E74) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (E74). (Rolt, 1971) - The married couple Queen Elisabeth and Prince Phillip (E74) has current or former member Prince Phillip (E21) kind of member husband (E55). (Brandreth, 2004) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P107(x,y) ⇒ E74(x) - P107(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P107(x,y,z) ⇒ [P107(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P107(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E85(z) ˄ P144i(x,z) ˄ P143(z,y)]
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P107 has current or former member op

P108 has producedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P108_has_produced

Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of the instance of E12 Production. The identity of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Examples: - The building of Rome (E12) has produced the Colosseum (E24). (Hopkins & Beard, 2011) In First Order Logic: - P108(x,y) ⇒ E12(x) - P108(x,y) ⇒ E24(y) - P108(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y) - P108(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P31 has modified op, P92 brought into existence op
has domain
E12 Production c
has range
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P108i was produced by op, wasGeneratedBy op

P108i was produced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P108i_was_produced_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of the instance of E12 Production. The identity of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Examples of the inverse property: - The building of Rome (E12) has produced the Colosseum (E24). (Hopkins & Beard, 2011) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P108(x,y) ⇒ E12(x) - P108(x,y) ⇒ E24(y) - P108(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y) - P108(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P31i was modified by op, P92i was brought into existence by op
has domain
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
has range
E12 Production c
is inverse of
P108 has produced op

P109 has current or former curatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P109_has_current_or_former_curator

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who assumed or has assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an instance of E78 Curated Holding. It does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an event initiating a curator being responsible for a collection. Examples: - The Robert Opie Collection (E78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (E21). (https://www.robertopiecollection.com/) - The Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78) has current or former curator Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E21). (Woelkerling et al., 2005) In First Order Logic: - P109(x,y) ⇒ E78(x) - P109(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P109(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)
has super-properties
P49 has former or current keeper op
has domain
Museum c
E78 Curated Holding c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P109i is current or former curator of op

P109i is current or former curator ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P109i_is_current_or_former_curator_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who assumed or has assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an instance of E78 Curated Holding. It does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an event initiating a curator being responsible for a collection. Examples of the inverse property: - The Robert Opie Collection (E78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (E21). (https://www.robertopiecollection.com/) - The Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78) has current or former curator Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E21). (Woelkerling et al., 2005) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P109(x,y) ⇒ E78(x) - P109(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P109(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)
has super-properties
P49i is former or current keeper of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E78 Curated Holding c
is inverse of
P109 has current or former curator op

P10i containsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P10i_contains

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that falls within the latter. In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - The Great Plague (E4) falls within The Gothic period (E4). (Porter, 2009) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P10(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y) - P10(x,y) ∧ P10(y,z)] ⇒ P10(x,z) - P10(x,x)
has super-properties
P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with op
has sub-properties
P166i had presence op, P9 consists of op
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P10 falls within op

P11 had participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P11_had_participant

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an instance of E5 Event. It documents known events in which an instance of E39 Actor has participated during the course of that actor’s life or history. The instances of E53 Place and E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instances of E39 Actor in the past. Collective actors, i.e. instances of E74 Group, may physically participate in events via their representing instances of E21 Persons only. The participation of multiple actors in an event is most likely an indication of their acquaintance and interaction. The property implies that the actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. For instance, someone having been portrayed can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait. Examples: - Napoleon (E21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (E7). (Dawson, 2018) - Maria (E21) participated in Photographing of Maria (E7). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P11(x,y) ⇒ E5(x) - P11(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P11(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has sub-properties
P14 carried out by op, P143 joined op, P144 joined with op, P145 separated op, P146 separated from op, P151 was formed from op, P96 by mother op, P99 dissolved op
has domain
E5 Event c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P11i participated in op

P110 augmentedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P110_augmented

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added to (augmented) in an instance of E79 Part Addition. Although an instance of E79 Part Addition event normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses. Examples: - The final nail-insertion Event (E79) augmented Coffin of George VI (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state) - The attachment of the bronze hand of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E79) augmented the tree of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E20). [https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P110(x,y) ⇒ E79(x) - P110(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P110(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)
has super-properties
P31 has modified op
has domain
E79 Part Addition c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P110i was augmented by op

P110i was augmented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P110i_was_augmented_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added to (augmented) in an instance of E79 Part Addition. Although an instance of E79 Part Addition event normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses. Examples of the inverse property: - The final nail-insertion Event (E79) augmented Coffin of George VI (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state) - The attachment of the bronze hand of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E79) augmented the tree of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E20). [https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P110(x,y) ⇒ E79(x) - P110(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P110(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)
has super-properties
P31i was modified by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E79 Part Addition c
is inverse of
P110 augmented op

P111 addedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P111_added

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added during an instance of E79 Part Addition activity. Examples: - The insertion of the final nail (E79) added the last nail in George VI’s coffin (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state) In First Order Logic: - P111(x,y) ⇒ E79(x) - P111(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P111(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16 used specific object op
has domain
E79 Part Addition c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P111i was added by op

P111i was added byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P111i_was_added_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added during an instance of E79 Part Addition activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The insertion of the final nail (E79) added the last nail in George VI’s coffin (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P111(x,y) ⇒ E79(x) - P111(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P111(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16i was used for op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E79 Part Addition c
is inverse of
P111 added op

P112 diminishedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P112_diminished

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was diminished by an instance of E80 Part Removal. Although an instance of E80 Part removal activity normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single instance of E80 Part Removal activity. Examples: - The coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22) was diminished by the opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80). (Carter, 2014) - The coral of the Cocos Islands (E20) was diminished by the removal of the Porite coral specimen by Charles Darwin (E80). (Natural History Museum, 2010, b) In First Order Logic: - P112(x,y) ⇒ E80(x) - P112(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P112(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)
has super-properties
P31 has modified op
has domain
E80 Part Removal c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P112i was diminished by op

P112i was diminished byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P112i_was_diminished_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was diminished by an instance of E80 Part Removal. Although an instance of E80 Part removal activity normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single instance of E80 Part Removal activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22) was diminished by the opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80). (Carter, 2014) - The coral of the Cocos Islands (E20) was diminished by the removal of the Porite coral specimen by Charles Darwin (E80). (Natural History Museum, 2010, b) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P112(x,y) ⇒ E80(x) - P112(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P112(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)
has super-properties
P31i was modified by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E80 Part Removal c
is inverse of
P112 diminished op

P113 removedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P113_removed

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is removed during an instance of E80 Part Removal activity. Examples: - The opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80) removed The mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E20, E22). (Carter, 2014) In First Order Logic: - P113(x,y) ⇒ E80(x) - P113(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P113(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has domain
E80 Part Removal c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P113i was removed by op

P113i was removed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P113i_was_removed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is removed during an instance of E80 Part Removal activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80) removed The mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E20, E22). (Carter, 2014) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P113(x,y) ⇒ E80(x) - P113(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P113(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E80 Part Removal c
is inverse of
P113 removed op

P11i participated inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P11i_participated_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an instance of E5 Event. It documents known events in which an instance of E39 Actor has participated during the course of that actor’s life or history. The instances of E53 Place and E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instances of E39 Actor in the past. Collective actors, i.e. instances of E74 Group, may physically participate in events via their representing instances of E21 Persons only. The participation of multiple actors in an event is most likely an indication of their acquaintance and interaction. The property implies that the actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. For instance, someone having been portrayed can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait. Examples of the inverse property: - Napoleon (E21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (E7). (Dawson, 2018) - Maria (E21) participated in Photographing of Maria (E7). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P11(x,y) ⇒ E5(x) - P11(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P11(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has sub-properties
P143i was joined by op, P144i gained member by op, P145i left by op, P146i lost member by op, P14i performed op, P151i participated in op, P96i gave birth op, P99i was dissolved by op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E5 Event c
is inverse of
P11 had participant op

P12 occurred in the presence ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P12_occurred_in_the_presence_of

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an instance of E5 Event without implying any specific role. It documents known events in which an instance of E77 Persistent Item was present during the course of its life or history. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum, on which a treaty was signed. The instance of E53 Place and the instance of E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instance E77 Persistent Item in the past. Instances of E90 Symbolic Object, in particular information objects, are physically present in events via at least one of the instances of E18 Physical Thing carrying them. Note, that the human mind can be such a carrier. A precondition for a transfer of information to a person or another new physical carrier is the presence of the respective information object and this person or physical thing in one event. Examples: - Deckchair 42 (E19) was present at the sinking of the Titanic (E5). (Aldridge, 2008) In First Order Logic: - P12(x,y) ⇒ E5(x) - P12(x,y) ⇒ E77(y)
has sub-properties
P11 had participant op, P113 removed op, P16 used specific object op, P25 moved op, P31 has modified op, P92 brought into existence op, P93 took out of existence op
has domain
E5 Event c
has range
E77 Persistent Item c
is inverse of
P12i was present at op

P121 overlaps withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P121_overlaps_with

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This symmetric property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place geometrically overlapping it. It does not specify anything about the shared area. This property is purely spatial. It does not imply that phenomena that define, by their extent, places related by P121 overlaps with have ever covered a common area at the same time or even coexisted. In contrast, spatiotemporal overlaps described by P132 spatiotemporally overlaps are the total of areas simultaneously covered by the related spacetime volumes. This property is symmetric. This property is reflexive. Examples: - The territory of the United States as in 2020 (E53) overlaps with the Arctic (E53). (Gannett et al., 1904) - The maximal extent of the Kingdom of Greece (1832-1973) (E53) overlaps with the maximal extent of the Republic of Turkey (29(th) October 1923 to now) (E53). In First Order Logic: - P121(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P121(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P121(x,y) ⇒ P121(y,x) - P121(x,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c

P122 borders withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P122_borders_with

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This symmetric property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place which shares a part of its border. This property is purely spatial. It does not imply that the phenomena that define, by their extent, places related by P122 borders with have ever shared a respective border at the same time or even coexisted. In particular, this may be the case when the respective common border is formed by a natural feature. This property is not transitive. This property is symmetric. Examples: - Scotland in its 1603 borders (E53) borders with England in its 1603 borders (E53). (Crofton, 2015) In First Order Logic: - P122(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P122(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P122(x,y) ⇒ P122(y,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c

P123 resulted inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P123_resulted_in

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance or instances of E18 Physical Thing that are the result of an instance of E81 Transformation. New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation. Examples: - The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E24). [AND: has produced (P108) the City Hall of Heraklion (E22)] (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021) - The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) resulted in the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20). [also: has produced (P108) the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22, E20).] (Carter & Mace 1977) - The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) resulted in petrified bodies (E20). [Some of these bodies could later be preserved in plaster.] In First Order Logic: - P123(x,y) ⇒ E81(x) - P123(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P123(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92 brought into existence op
has domain
E81 Transformation c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P123i resulted from op

P123i resulted fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P123i_resulted_from

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance or instances of E18 Physical Thing that are the result of an instance of E81 Transformation. New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation. Examples of the inverse property: - The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E24). [AND: has produced (P108) the City Hall of Heraklion (E22)] (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021) - The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) resulted in the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20). [also: has produced (P108) the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22, E20).] (Carter & Mace 1977) - The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) resulted in petrified bodies (E20). [Some of these bodies could later be preserved in plaster.] In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P123(x,y) ⇒ E81(x) - P123(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P123(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92i was brought into existence by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E81 Transformation c
is inverse of
P123 resulted in op

P124 transformedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P124_transformed

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property identifies the instance or instances E18 Physical Thing that have ceased to exist due to an instance of E81 Transformation. The item that has ceased to exist and was replaced by the result of the Transformation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation. Examples: - The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E24). (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021) - The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) transformed the deceased Pharaoh Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21). (Carter & Mace, 1977) - The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) transformed some people of Pompeii (E21). [AND: was death of (P100) some people of Pompeii (E21).] In First Order Logic: - P124(x,y) ⇒ E81(x) - P124(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P124(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93 took out of existence op
has domain
E81 Transformation c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P124i was transformed by op

P124i was transformed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P124i_was_transformed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance or instances E18 Physical Thing that have ceased to exist due to an instance of E81 Transformation. The item that has ceased to exist and was replaced by the result of the Transformation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation. Examples of the inverse property: - The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E24). (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021) - The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) transformed the deceased Pharaoh Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21). (Carter & Mace, 1977) - The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) transformed some people of Pompeii (E21). [AND: was death of (P100) some people of Pompeii (E21).] In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P124(x,y) ⇒ E81(x) - P124(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P124(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93i was taken out of existence by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E81 Transformation c
is inverse of
P124 transformed op

P125 used object of typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P125_used_object_of_type

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E7 Activity to an instance of E55 Type, which classifies an instance of E70 Thing used in an instance of E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of “a hammer”. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E7 Activity through P16 used specific object, E70 Thing, P2 has type, to E55 Type. Examples: - The English archers’ activity in the Battle of Agincourt (E7) used object of type long bow (E55). (Curry, 2015) In First Order Logic: - P125(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P125(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P125(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E70(z) ∧ P16(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P32 used general technique op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P125i was type of object used in op

P125i was type of object used inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P125i_was_type_of_object_used_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E7 Activity to an instance of E55 Type, which classifies an instance of E70 Thing used in an instance of E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of “a hammer”. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E7 Activity through P16 used specific object, E70 Thing, P2 has type, to E55 Type. Examples of the inverse property: - The English archers’ activity in the Battle of Agincourt (E7) used object of type long bow (E55). (Curry, 2015) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P125(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P125(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P125(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E70(z) ∧ P16(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P32i was technique of op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P125 used object of type op

P126 employedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P126_employed

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E57 Material employed in an instance of E11 Modification. The instance of E57 Material used during the instance of E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that forms the subject of the instance of E11 Modification. Examples: - The repairing of the Queen Mary (E11) employed Steel (E57). [Beginning October 1942] (Britton, 2012) - Distilled water (E57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (E11). (Pietrangeli, 1986) In First Order Logic: - P126(x,y) ⇒ E11(x) - P126(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)
has domain
E11 Modification c
has range
E57 Material c
is inverse of
P126i was employed in op

P126i was employed inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P126i_was_employed_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E57 Material employed in an instance of E11 Modification. The instance of E57 Material used during the instance of E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that forms the subject of the instance of E11 Modification. Examples of the inverse property: - The repairing of the Queen Mary (E11) employed Steel (E57). [Beginning October 1942] (Britton, 2012) - Distilled water (E57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (E11). (Pietrangeli, 1986) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P126(x,y) ⇒ E11(x) - P126(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)
has domain
E57 Material c
has range
E11 Modification c
is inverse of
P126 employed op

P127 has broader termop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P127_has_broader_term

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E55 Type with another instance of E55 Type that has a broader meaning. It allows instances of E55 Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of “broader term generic (BTG)” as defined in ISO 25964-2:2013 (International Organization for Standardization 2013). This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - dime (E55) has broader term coin (E55). (Yerkes, 1989) In First Order Logic: - P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(x) - P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - [P127(x,y) ∧ P127(y,z)] ⇒ P127(x,z) - P127(x,y) ⇒ ¬P127(y,x)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P127i has narrower term op

P127i has narrower termop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P127i_has_narrower_term

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E55 Type with another instance of E55 Type that has a broader meaning. It allows instances of E55 Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of “broader term generic (BTG)” as defined in ISO 25964-2:2013 (International Organization for Standardization 2013). This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - dime (E55) has broader term coin (E55). (Yerkes, 1989) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(x) - P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - [P127(x,y) ∧ P127(y,z)] ⇒ P127(x,z) - P127(x,y) ⇒ ¬P127(y,x)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P127 has broader term op

P128 carriesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P128_carries

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Since an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is defined as an immaterial idealization over potentially multiple carriers, any individual realization on a particular physical carrier may be defective, due to deterioration or shortcomings in the process of creating the realization compared to the intended ideal. As long as such defects do not substantially affect the complete recognition of the respective symbolic object, it is still regarded as carrying an instance of this E90 Symbolic Object. If these defects are of scholarly interest, the particular realization can be modelled as an instance of E25 Human-Made Feature. Note, that any instance of E90 Symbolic Object incorporated (P165) in the carried symbolic object is also carried by the same instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples: - Matthew’s paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (E18) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (E73). [see also: (Brickhill, 2001)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P128(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P128(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P128(x,y) ⇒ P130(x,y)
has super-properties
P130 shows features of op
has sub-properties
P65 shows visual item op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E90 Symbolic Object c
is inverse of
P128i is carried by op

P128i is carried byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P128i_is_carried_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Since an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is defined as an immaterial idealization over potentially multiple carriers, any individual realization on a particular physical carrier may be defective, due to deterioration or shortcomings in the process of creating the realization compared to the intended ideal. As long as such defects do not substantially affect the complete recognition of the respective symbolic object, it is still regarded as carrying an instance of this E90 Symbolic Object. If these defects are of scholarly interest, the particular realization can be modelled as an instance of E25 Human-Made Feature. Note, that any instance of E90 Symbolic Object incorporated (P165) in the carried symbolic object is also carried by the same instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples of the inverse property: - Matthew’s paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (E18) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (E73). [see also: (Brickhill, 2001)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P128(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P128(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P128(x,y) ⇒ P130(x,y)
has super-properties
P130i features are also found on op
has sub-properties
P65i is shown by op
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P128 carries op

P129 is aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P129_is_about

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. This differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an instance of E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - The text entitled ‘Reach for the sky’ (E33) is about Douglas Bader (E21). (Brickhill, 2001) In First Order Logic: - P129(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P129(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P129(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67 refers to op
has domain
E89 Propositional Object c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P129i is subject of op

P129i is subject ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P129i_is_subject_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. This differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an instance of E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples of the inverse property: - The text entitled ‘Reach for the sky’ (E33) is about Douglas Bader (E21). (Brickhill, 2001) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P129(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P129(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P129(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67i is referred to by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E89 Propositional Object c
is inverse of
P129 is about op

P12i was present atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P12i_was_present_at

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an instance of E5 Event without implying any specific role. It documents known events in which an instance of E77 Persistent Item was present during the course of its life or history. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum, on which a treaty was signed. The instance of E53 Place and the instance of E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instance E77 Persistent Item in the past. Instances of E90 Symbolic Object, in particular information objects, are physically present in events via at least one of the instances of E18 Physical Thing carrying them. Note, that the human mind can be such a carrier. A precondition for a transfer of information to a person or another new physical carrier is the presence of the respective information object and this person or physical thing in one event. Examples of the inverse property: - Deckchair 42 (E19) was present at the sinking of the Titanic (E5). (Aldridge, 2008) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P12(x,y) ⇒ E5(x) - P12(x,y) ⇒ E77(y)
has sub-properties
P113i was removed by op, P11i participated in op, P16i was used for op, P25i moved by op, P31i was modified by op, P92i was brought into existence by op, P93i was taken out of existence by op
has domain
E77 Persistent Item c
has range
E5 Event c
is inverse of
P12 occurred in the presence of op

P13 destroyedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P13_destroyed

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E6 Destruction to an instance of E18 Physical Thing that has been destroyed by it. Destruction implies the end of an item’s life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. An instance of E6 Destruction may be contiguous with an instance of E12 Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object. Examples: - The Tay Bridge Disaster (E6) destroyed the Tay Bridge (E22). (Thomas, 1972) In First Order Logic: - P13(x,y) ⇒ E6 (x) - P13(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P13(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93 took out of existence op
has domain
E6 Destruction c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P13i was destroyed by op

P130 shows features ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P130_shows_features_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property generalises the notions of “copy of” and “similar to” into a directed relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative or influenced item and the range the source or influencing item, if such a direction can be established. The property can also be used to express similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons. The property expresses a symmetric relationship in case no direction of influence can be established either from evidence on the item itself or from historical knowledge. This holds in particular for siblings of a derivation process from a common source or non-causal cultural parallels, such as some weaving patterns. The P130.1 kind of similarity property of the P130 shows features of (features are also found on) property enables the relationship between the domain and the range to be further clarified, in the sense from domain to range, if applicable. For example, it may be expressed if both items are product “of the same mould”, or if two texts “contain identical paragraphs”. If the reason for similarity is a sort of derivation process, i.e. that the creator has used or had in mind the form of a particular thing during the creation or production, this process should be explicitly modelled. In these cases, P130 shows features of can be regarded as a shortcut of such a process. However, the current model does not contain any path specific enough to infer this property. Specializations of the CIDOC CRM may however be more explicit, for instance describing the use of moulds etc. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. Examples: - Mary Lamb’s Cymbeline from Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare (E89) shows features of William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (E89). (Carrington, 1954) - The audio recording of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia read by Enrico de Negri (E73) shows features of the text of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia (E89). (Alighieri, 1956) Properties: - P130.1 kind of similarity: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) - P130(x,y,z) ⇒ [P130(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - ¬P130(x,x)
has super-properties
wasDerivedFrom op
has sub-properties
P128 carries op, P73i is translation of op
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
E70 Thing c
is inverse of
P130i features are also found on op

P130i features are also found onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P130i_features_are_also_found_on

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property generalises the notions of “copy of” and “similar to” into a directed relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative or influenced item and the range the source or influencing item, if such a direction can be established. The property can also be used to express similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons. The property expresses a symmetric relationship in case no direction of influence can be established either from evidence on the item itself or from historical knowledge. This holds in particular for siblings of a derivation process from a common source or non-causal cultural parallels, such as some weaving patterns. The P130.1 kind of similarity property of the P130 shows features of (features are also found on) property enables the relationship between the domain and the range to be further clarified, in the sense from domain to range, if applicable. For example, it may be expressed if both items are product “of the same mould”, or if two texts “contain identical paragraphs”. If the reason for similarity is a sort of derivation process, i.e. that the creator has used or had in mind the form of a particular thing during the creation or production, this process should be explicitly modelled. In these cases, P130 shows features of can be regarded as a shortcut of such a process. However, the current model does not contain any path specific enough to infer this property. Specializations of the CIDOC CRM may however be more explicit, for instance describing the use of moulds etc. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - Mary Lamb’s Cymbeline from Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare (E89) shows features of William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (E89). (Carrington, 1954) - The audio recording of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia read by Enrico de Negri (E73) shows features of the text of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia (E89). (Alighieri, 1956) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) - P130(x,y,z) ⇒ [P130(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - ¬P130(x,x)
has sub-properties
P128i is carried by op, P73 has translation op
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
E70 Thing c
is inverse of
P130 shows features of op

P132 spatiotemporally overlaps withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P132_spatiotemporally_overlaps_with

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This symmetric property associates two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that have some of their extents in common. If only the fuzzy boundaries of the instances of E92 Spacetime Volume overlap, this property cannot be determined from observation alone and therefore should not be applied. However, there may be other forms of justification that the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume must have some of their extents in common regardless of where and when precisely. If this property holds for two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume then it cannot be the case that P133 is spatiotemporally separated from also holds for the same two instances. Furthermore, there are cases where neither P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with nor P133 is spatiotemporally separated from holds between two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. This would occur where only an overlap of the fuzzy boundaries of the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume occurs and no other evidence is available. This property is not transitive. This property is symmetric. This property is reflexive. Examples: - The “Urnfield” period (E4) spatiotemporally overlaps with the “Hallstatt” period (E4). (Gimbutas, 1965) In First Order Logic: - P132(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P132(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P132(x,y) ⇒ P132(y,x) - P132(x,y) ⇒ P132 (x,y) - P132(x,x)
has sub-properties
P10 falls within op, P10i contains op
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c

P133 is spatiotemporally separated fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P133_is_spatiotemporally_separated_from

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This symmetric property associates two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that have no extents in common. If only the fuzzy boundaries of the instances of E92 Spacetime Volume overlap, this property cannot be determined from observation alone and therefore should not be applied. However, there may be other forms of justification that the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume must not have any of their extents in common regardless of where and when precisely. If this property holds for two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume then it cannot be the case that P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with also holds for the same two instances. Furthermore, there are cases where neither P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with nor P133 is spatiotemporally separated from holds between two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. This would occur where only an overlap of the fuzzy boundaries of the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume occurs and no other evidence is available. This property is not transitive. This property is symmetric. This property is irreflexive. Examples: - The “Hallstatt” period (E4) is spatiotemporally separated from the “La Tène” era (E4). (Marion, 2004) - Kingdom of Greece (1831-1924) (E92) is spatiotemporally separated from Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) (E92). - The path of the army of Alexander the Great (335-323 B.C.) (E7) is spatiotemporally separated from the Mauryan Empire (E4). (Lane Fox, 2004) In First Order Logic: - P133(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P133(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P133(x,y) ⇒ P133(y,x) - P133(x,y) ⇒ ¬P133 (x,y) - ¬P133(x,x)
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c

P134 continuedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P134_continued

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities. This property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - The construction of the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral), abandoned in the 15(th) century (E7), was continued by construction in the 19(th) century (E7). [The construction in the 19(th) century adapted the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance.] (Wolff, 1999) In First Order Logic: - P134(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P134(x,y)⇒ E7(y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ P176i(x,y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ ¬P134(y,x)
has super-properties
P15 was influenced by op, P176i starts after the start of op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P134i was continued by op

P134i was continued byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P134i_was_continued_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities. This property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - The construction of the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral), abandoned in the 15(th) century (E7), was continued by construction in the 19(th) century (E7). [The construction in the 19(th) century adapted the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance.] (Wolff, 1999) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P134(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P134(x,y)⇒ E7(y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ P176i(x,y) - P134(x,y) ⇒ ¬P134(y,x)
has super-properties
P15i influenced op, P176 starts before the start of op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P134 continued op

P135 created typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P135_created_type

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E55 Type, which is created in an instance of E83 Type Creation activity. Examples: - The description of a new ribbon worm species by Bürger (E83) created type ‘Lineus kennelii’ (E55). (Bürger, 1892) In First Order Logic: - P135(x,y) ⇒ E83(x) - P135(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P135(x,y) ⇒ P94(x,y)
has super-properties
P94 has created op
has domain
E83 Type Creation c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P135i was created by op

P135i was created byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P135i_was_created_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E55 Type, which is created in an instance of E83 Type Creation activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The description of a new ribbon worm species by Bürger (E83) created type ‘Lineus kennelii’ (E55). (Bürger, 1892) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P135(x,y) ⇒ E83(x) - P135(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P135(x,y) ⇒ P94(x,y)
has super-properties
P94i was created by op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E83 Type Creation c
is inverse of
P135 created type op

P136 was based onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P136_was_based_on

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies one or more instances of E1 CRM Entity that were used as evidence to declare a new instance of E55 Type. The examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the type, such as “holotype” or “original element”. Examples: - The taxon creation of the plant species ‘Serratula glauca Linné, 1753.’ (E83) was based on Object BM000576251 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) in the taxonomic role original element (E55). (Blake, 1918) Properties: - P136.1 in the taxonomic role: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P136(x,y) ⇒ E83(x) - P136(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P136(x,y,z) ⇒ [P136(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P136(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)
has super-properties
P15 was influenced by op
has domain
E83 Type Creation c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P136i supported type creation op

P136i supported type creationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P136i_supported_type_creation

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies one or more instances of E1 CRM Entity that were used as evidence to declare a new instance of E55 Type. The examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the type, such as “holotype” or “original element”. Examples of the inverse property: - The taxon creation of the plant species ‘Serratula glauca Linné, 1753.’ (E83) was based on Object BM000576251 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) in the taxonomic role original element (E55). (Blake, 1918) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P136(x,y) ⇒ E83(x) - P136(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P136(x,y,z) ⇒ [P136(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P136(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)
has super-properties
P15i influenced op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E83 Type Creation c
is inverse of
P136 was based on op

P137 exemplifiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P137_exemplifies

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E1 CRM Entity with an instance of E55 Type for which it has been declared to be a particularly characteristic example. The P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the type, such as “prototypical”, “archetypical”, “lectotype”, etc. The taxonomic role “lectotype” is not associated with the instance of E83 Type Creation itself but is selected in a later phase. Examples: - Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) exemplifies ‘Spigelia marilandica’ (L.) L. (E55) in the taxonomic role lectotype (E55). (Natural History Museum, 2021) Properties: - P137.1 in the taxonomic role: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P137(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P137(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P137(x,y,z) ⇒ [P137(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P137(x,y) ⇒ P2(x,y)
has super-properties
P2 has type op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P137i is exemplified by op

P137i is exemplified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P137i_is_exemplified_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E1 CRM Entity with an instance of E55 Type for which it has been declared to be a particularly characteristic example. The P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the type, such as “prototypical”, “archetypical”, “lectotype”, etc. The taxonomic role “lectotype” is not associated with the instance of E83 Type Creation itself but is selected in a later phase. Examples of the inverse property: - Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) exemplifies ‘Spigelia marilandica’ (L.) L. (E55) in the taxonomic role lectotype (E55). (Natural History Museum, 2021) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P137(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P137(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P137(x,y,z) ⇒ [P137(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P137(x,y) ⇒ P2(x,y)
has super-properties
P2i is type of op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P137 exemplifies op

P138 representsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P138_represents

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E36 Visual Item and the instance of E1 CRM Entity that it visually represents. Any entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62 depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined. This property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation. Examples: - The digital file found at https://www.emunch.no/N/full/No-MM_N0001-01.jpg (E36) represents page 1 of Edward Munch's manuscript MM N 1, Munch-museet (E22) mode of representation Digitisation (E55). - The 3D model VAM_A.200-1946_trace_1M.ply (E73) represents Victoria & Albert Museum’s Madonna and child sculpture (visual work) A.200-1946 (E22) mode of representation 3D surface (E55). Properties: - P138.1 mode of representation: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P138(x,y) ⇒ E36(x) - P138(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P138(x,y,z) ⇒ [P138(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P138(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67 refers to op
has domain
E36 Visual Item c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P138i has representation op

P138i has representationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P138i_has_representation

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E36 Visual Item and the instance of E1 CRM Entity that it visually represents. Any entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62 depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined. This property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation. Examples of the inverse property: - The digital file found at https://www.emunch.no/N/full/No-MM_N0001-01.jpg (E36) represents page 1 of Edward Munch's manuscript MM N 1, Munch-museet (E22) mode of representation Digitisation (E55). - The 3D model VAM_A.200-1946_trace_1M.ply (E73) represents Victoria & Albert Museum’s Madonna and child sculpture (visual work) A.200-1946 (E22) mode of representation 3D surface (E55). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P138(x,y) ⇒ E36(x) - P138(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P138(x,y,z) ⇒ [P138(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P138(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67i is referred to by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E36 Visual Item c
is inverse of
P138 represents op

P139 has alternative formop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P139_has_alternative_form

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E41 Appellation with another instance of E41 Appellation that constitutes a derivative or variant of the former and that may also be used for identifying items identified by the former, in suitable contexts, independent from the particular item to be identified. This property should not be confused with additional variants of names used characteristically for a single, particular item, such as individual nicknames. It is a directed relationship, where the range expresses the derivative or variant and the domain the source of derivation or original form of variation, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. Multiple names assigned to an object, which do not apply to all things identified with the specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies) of this object. P139.1 has type allows the type of derivation to be refined, for instance “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII”. Examples: - “Martin Doerr” (E41) has alternative form “Martin Dörr” (E41) has type alternate spelling (E55). - “Гончарова, Наталья Сергеевна” (E41) has alternative form "Gončarova, Natal´â Sergeevna" (E41) has type ISO 9:1995 transliteration (E55). - “Αθήνα” (E41) has alternative form “Athina” (E41) has type transcription (E55). Properties: - P139.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(x) - P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) - P139(x,y,z) ⇒ [P139(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - ¬P139(x,x)
has domain
E41 Appellation c
has range
E41 Appellation c
is inverse of
P139i is alternative form of op

P139i is alternative form ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P139i_is_alternative_form_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E41 Appellation with another instance of E41 Appellation that constitutes a derivative or variant of the former and that may also be used for identifying items identified by the former, in suitable contexts, independent from the particular item to be identified. This property should not be confused with additional variants of names used characteristically for a single, particular item, such as individual nicknames. It is a directed relationship, where the range expresses the derivative or variant and the domain the source of derivation or original form of variation, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. Multiple names assigned to an object, which do not apply to all things identified with the specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies) of this object. P139.1 has type allows the type of derivation to be refined, for instance “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII”. Examples of the inverse property: - “Martin Doerr” (E41) has alternative form “Martin Dörr” (E41) has type alternate spelling (E55). - “Гончарова, Наталья Сергеевна” (E41) has alternative form "Gončarova, Natal´â Sergeevna" (E41) has type ISO 9:1995 transliteration (E55). - “Αθήνα” (E41) has alternative form “Athina” (E41) has type transcription (E55). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(x) - P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) - P139(x,y,z) ⇒ [P139(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - ¬P139(x,x)
has domain
E41 Appellation c
has range
E41 Appellation c
is inverse of
P139 has alternative form op

P13i was destroyed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P13i_was_destroyed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E6 Destruction to an instance of E18 Physical Thing that has been destroyed by it. Destruction implies the end of an item’s life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. An instance of E6 Destruction may be contiguous with an instance of E12 Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object. Examples of the inverse property: - The Tay Bridge Disaster (E6) destroyed the Tay Bridge (E22). (Thomas, 1972) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P13(x,y) ⇒ E6 (x) - P13(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P13(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P93i was taken out of existence by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E6 Destruction c
is inverse of
P13 destroyed op

P14 carried out byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P14_carried_out_by

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation. Examples: - The painting of the Sistine Chapel (E7) carried out by Michelangelo Buonaroti (E21) in the role of master craftsman (E55). (Goldscheider, 1953) Properties: - P14.1 in the role of: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P14(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P14(x,y)⇒ E39(y) - P14(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y) - P14(x,y,z) ⇒ [P14(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has equivalent properties
wasAssociatedWith op
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has sub-properties
P22 transferred title to op, P23 transferred title from op, P28 custody surrendered by op, P29 custody received by op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P14i performed op

P140 assigned attribute toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P140_assigned_attribute_to

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity about which it made an attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity plays the role of the domain of the attribution. The kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned). Examples: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr’s silver cup (E22). (fictitious) - The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned attribute to silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned attribute to MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P140(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P140(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P34 concerned op, P39 measured op, P41 classified op
has domain
E13 Attribute Assignment c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P140i was attributed by op

P140i was attributed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P140i_was_attributed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity about which it made an attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity plays the role of the domain of the attribution. The kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned). Examples of the inverse property: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr’s silver cup (E22). (fictitious) - The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned attribute to silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned attribute to MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P140(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P140(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P34i was assessed by op, P39i was measured by op, P41i was classified by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is inverse of
P140 assigned attribute to op

P141 assignedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P141_assigned

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity used in the attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity here plays the role of the range of the attribution. The kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned). Examples: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned Martin Doerr (E21). (fictitious) - The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned 232 (E42). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned unsupported (E55.) (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P141(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P141(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P35 has identified op, P37 assigned op, P38 deassigned op, P40 observed dimension op, P42 assigned op
has domain
E13 Attribute Assignment c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P141i was assigned by op

P141i was assigned byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P141i_was_assigned_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity used in the attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity here plays the role of the range of the attribution. The kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned). Examples of the inverse property: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned Martin Doerr (E21). (fictitious) - The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned 232 (E42). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned unsupported (E55.) (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P141(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P141(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P35i was identified by op, P37i was assigned by op, P38i was deassigned by op, P40i was observed in op, P42i was assigned by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is inverse of
P141 assigned op

P142 used constituentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P142_used_constituent

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment with the instance of E90 Symbolic Object used as constituent of an instance of E42 Identifier in this act of assignment. Examples: - Assigning the personal name identifier “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” on 1(st) June 2001 (E15) used constituent “ca. 1300-1377” (E41). (Kelly, 2014) - Assigning a uniform title to the anonymous textual work known as ‘The Adoration of the Shepherds’(E15) used constituent “Coventry” (E41). (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1998) - Assigning a uniform title to Pina Bausch’s choreographic work entitled ‘Rite of spring’ (E15) used constituent “(Choreographic Work: Bausch)” (E90). (Brandstetter and Klein, 2015) - Assigning a uniform title to the motion picture directed in 1933 by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack and entitled ‘King Kong’ (E15) used constituent “1933” (E61). (Goldner and Turner, 1976) - Assigning the corporate name identifier ‘Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za bibliotekarstvo’ to The Department for library science of the University of Ljubljana in 2018 (E15) used constituent “Univerza v Ljubljani” (E42). [Done by the Department of Library and Information Science and Book Studies Library, University of Ljubljana in 2018] In First Order Logic: - P142(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P142(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P142(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16 used specific object op
has domain
E15 Identifier Assignment c
has range
E90 Symbolic Object c
is inverse of
P142i was used in op

P142i was used inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P142i_was_used_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment with the instance of E90 Symbolic Object used as constituent of an instance of E42 Identifier in this act of assignment. Examples of the inverse property: - Assigning the personal name identifier “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” on 1(st) June 2001 (E15) used constituent “ca. 1300-1377” (E41). (Kelly, 2014) - Assigning a uniform title to the anonymous textual work known as ‘The Adoration of the Shepherds’(E15) used constituent “Coventry” (E41). (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1998) - Assigning a uniform title to Pina Bausch’s choreographic work entitled ‘Rite of spring’ (E15) used constituent “(Choreographic Work: Bausch)” (E90). (Brandstetter and Klein, 2015) - Assigning a uniform title to the motion picture directed in 1933 by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack and entitled ‘King Kong’ (E15) used constituent “1933” (E61). (Goldner and Turner, 1976) - Assigning the corporate name identifier ‘Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za bibliotekarstvo’ to The Department for library science of the University of Ljubljana in 2018 (E15) used constituent “Univerza v Ljubljani” (E42). [Done by the Department of Library and Information Science and Book Studies Library, University of Ljubljana in 2018] In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P142(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P142(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P142(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16i was used for op
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c
has range
E15 Identifier Assignment c
is inverse of
P142 used constituent op

P143 joinedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P143_joined

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that becomes member of an instance of E74 Group in an instance of E85 Joining. Joining events allow for describing actors becoming members of a group with the more detailed path E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of). Examples: - The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013) - The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (E21). (Galeotti, 1997) - The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined Denmark (E74). In First Order Logic: - P143(x,y) ⇒ E85(x) - P143(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P143(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E85 Joining c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P143i was joined by op

P143i was joined byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P143i_was_joined_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that becomes member of an instance of E74 Group in an instance of E85 Joining. Joining events allow for describing actors becoming members of a group with the more detailed path E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of). Examples of the inverse property: - The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013) - The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (E21). (Galeotti, 1997) - The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined Denmark (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P143(x,y) ⇒ E85(x) - P143(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P143(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E85 Joining c
is inverse of
P143 joined op

P144 joined withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P144_joined_with

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E74 Group of which an instance of E39 Actor becomes a member through an instance of E85 Joining. Although a joining activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which becoming member of one Group implies becoming member of another Group as well. Joining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of). The property P144.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group. Examples: - The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined with the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013) - The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined with the office of Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (E74) kind of member President (E55). (Galeotti, 1997) - The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined with EU (E74). Properties: - P144.1 kind of member: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P144(x,y) ⇒ E85(x) - P144(x,y)⇒ E74(y) - P144(x,y,z) ⇒ [P144(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P144(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E85 Joining c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P144i gained member by op

P144i gained member byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P144i_gained_member_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E74 Group of which an instance of E39 Actor becomes a member through an instance of E85 Joining. Although a joining activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which becoming member of one Group implies becoming member of another Group as well. Joining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of). The property P144.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group. Examples of the inverse property: - The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined with the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013) - The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined with the office of Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (E74) kind of member President (E55). (Galeotti, 1997) - The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined with EU (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P144(x,y) ⇒ E85(x) - P144(x,y)⇒ E74(y) - P144(x,y,z) ⇒ [P144(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P144(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E85 Joining c
is inverse of
P144 joined with op

P145 separatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P145_separated

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that leaves an instance of E74 Group through an instance of E86 Leaving. Examples: - The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013) - George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated George Washington (E21). (Unger, 2015) - The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated Greenland (E74). In First Order Logic: - P145(x,y) ⇒ E86(x) - P145(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P145(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E86 Leaving c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P145i left by op

P145i left byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P145i_left_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that leaves an instance of E74 Group through an instance of E86 Leaving. Examples of the inverse property: - The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013) - George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated George Washington (E21). (Unger, 2015) - The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated Greenland (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P145(x,y) ⇒ E86(x) - P145(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P145(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E86 Leaving c
is inverse of
P145 separated op

P146 separated fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P146_separated_from

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E74 Group an instance of E39 Actor leaves through an instance of E86 Leaving. Although a leaving activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which leaving one E74 Group implies leaving another E74 Group as well. Examples: - The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated from the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013) - George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated from the office of President of the United States (E74). (Unger, 2015) - The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated from EU (E74). In First Order Logic: - P146(x,y) ⇒ E86(x) - P146(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P146(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E86 Leaving c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P146i lost member by op

P146i lost member byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P146i_lost_member_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E74 Group an instance of E39 Actor leaves through an instance of E86 Leaving. Although a leaving activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which leaving one E74 Group implies leaving another E74 Group as well. Examples of the inverse property: - The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated from the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013) - George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated from the office of President of the United States (E74). (Unger, 2015) - The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated from EU (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P146(x,y) ⇒ E86(x) - P146(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P146(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E86 Leaving c
is inverse of
P146 separated from op

P147 curatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P147_curated

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E87 Curation Activity with the instance of E78 Curated Holding with that is subject of that curation activity following some implicit or explicit curation plan. Examples: - The curation activity of the Benaki Museum for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection (E87) curated The Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the Benaki Museum (E78). [The curation activity included the acquisition of dolls and games of urban and folk manufacture dating from the 17(th) to the 20(th) century, from England, France and Germany for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the museum.] (Benaki Museum, 2016) - The curation activity for the permanent Numismatic Collection of the Historical Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Crete from 2005 up to the present (E87) curated the Numismatic Collection (E78). (Historical Museum of Crete, 2005) - The curation activity of Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E87) curated the Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78). (Woelkerling et al., 2005) In First Order Logic: - P147(x,y) ⇒ E87(x) - P147(x,y) ⇒ E78(y)
has domain
E87 Curation Activity c
has range
E78 Curated Holding c
is inverse of
P147i was curated by op

P147i was curated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P147i_was_curated_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E87 Curation Activity with the instance of E78 Curated Holding with that is subject of that curation activity following some implicit or explicit curation plan. Examples of the inverse property: - The curation activity of the Benaki Museum for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection (E87) curated The Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the Benaki Museum (E78). [The curation activity included the acquisition of dolls and games of urban and folk manufacture dating from the 17(th) to the 20(th) century, from England, France and Germany for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the museum.] (Benaki Museum, 2016) - The curation activity for the permanent Numismatic Collection of the Historical Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Crete from 2005 up to the present (E87) curated the Numismatic Collection (E78). (Historical Museum of Crete, 2005) - The curation activity of Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E87) curated the Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78). (Woelkerling et al., 2005) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P147(x,y) ⇒ E87(x) - P147(x,y) ⇒ E78(y)
has domain
E78 Curated Holding c
has range
E87 Curation Activity c
is inverse of
P147 curated op

P148 has componentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P148_has_component

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - Dante’s “Divine Comedy” (E89) has component Dante’s “Hell” (E89). (Alighieri, 1956) In First Order Logic: - P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(y) - [P148(x,y) ∧ P148(y,z)] ⇒ P148(x,z) - P148(x,y) ⇒ ¬P148(y,x)
has domain
E89 Propositional Object c
has range
E89 Propositional Object c
is inverse of
P148i is component of op

P148i is component ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P148i_is_component_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - Dante’s “Divine Comedy” (E89) has component Dante’s “Hell” (E89). (Alighieri, 1956) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(y) - [P148(x,y) ∧ P148(y,z)] ⇒ P148(x,z) - P148(x,y) ⇒ ¬P148(y,x)
has domain
E89 Propositional Object c
has range
E89 Propositional Object c
is inverse of
P148 has component op

P14i performedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P14i_performed

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation. Examples of the inverse property: - The painting of the Sistine Chapel (E7) carried out by Michelangelo Buonaroti (E21) in the role of master craftsman (E55). (Goldscheider, 1953) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P14(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P14(x,y)⇒ E39(y) - P14(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y) - P14(x,y,z) ⇒ [P14(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has sub-properties
P22i acquired title through op, P23i surrendered title through op, P28i surrendered custody through op, P29i received custody through op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P14 carried out by op

P15 was influenced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P15_was_influenced_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This is a high-level property, which captures the relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and anything, that is, an instance of E1 CRM Entity, that may have had some bearing upon it. The property has more specific subproperties. Examples: - The designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (E7) was influenced by the Tyne Bridge (E22). (Dorman Long, 1932) In First Order Logic: - P15(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P15(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P134 continued op, P136 was based on op, P16 used specific object op, P17 was motivated by op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P15i influenced op

P150 defines typical parts ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P150_defines_typical_parts_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”. It allows types to be organised into hierarchies based on one type describing a typical part of another. This property is equivalent to “broader term partitive (BTP)” as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS. This property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - car motors (E55) defines typical parts of cars (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(x) - P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P150(x,y) ⇒ ¬P150(y,x)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P150i defines typical wholes for op

P150i defines typical wholes forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P150i_defines_typical_wholes_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”. It allows types to be organised into hierarchies based on one type describing a typical part of another. This property is equivalent to “broader term partitive (BTP)” as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS. This property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - car motors (E55) defines typical parts of cars (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(x) - P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P150(x,y) ⇒ ¬P150(y,x)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P150 defines typical parts of op

P151 was formed fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P151_was_formed_from

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E66 Formation with an instance of E74 Group from which the new group was formed preserving a sense of continuity such as in mission, membership or tradition. Examples: - The formation of the House of Bourbon-Conti in 1581 (E66) was formed from House of Condé (E74). (Collectif & Musée d'art et d'histoire Louis-Senlecq, 1900) In First Order Logic: - P151(x,y) ⇒ E66(x) - P151(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P151(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E66 Formation c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P151i participated in op

P151i participated inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P151i_participated_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E66 Formation with an instance of E74 Group from which the new group was formed preserving a sense of continuity such as in mission, membership or tradition. Examples of the inverse property: - The formation of the House of Bourbon-Conti in 1581 (E66) was formed from House of Condé (E74). (Collectif & Musée d'art et d'histoire Louis-Senlecq, 1900) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P151(x,y) ⇒ E66(x) - P151(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P151(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E66 Formation c
is inverse of
P151 was formed from op

P152 has parentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P152_has_parent

Quantification: many to many, necessary (2,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act. This property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P96 by mother to E21 Person, and from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P97 from father to E21 Person. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. Examples: - Gaius Octavius (E21) has parent Julius Caesar (E21). (Bleicken & Bell, 2015) - Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Joanne Simpson (E21). [Biological mother] (Isaacson, 2011) - Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Clara Jobs (E21). [Adoption mother] (Isaacson, 2011) In First Order Logic: - P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(x) - P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P96(z,y)] - P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P97(z,y)] - ¬P152(x,x)
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P152i is parent of op

P152i is parent ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P152i_is_parent_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (2,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act. This property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P96 by mother to E21 Person, and from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P97 from father to E21 Person. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - Gaius Octavius (E21) has parent Julius Caesar (E21). (Bleicken & Bell, 2015) - Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Joanne Simpson (E21). [Biological mother] (Isaacson, 2011) - Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Clara Jobs (E21). [Adoption mother] (Isaacson, 2011) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(x) - P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P96(z,y)] - P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P97(z,y)] - ¬P152(x,x)
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P152 has parent op

P156 occupiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P156_occupies

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the largest volume in space, an instance of E53 Place, that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to the physical thing itself. This allows for describing the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. The reference space for the associated place must be the one that is permanently at rest (P157 is at rest relative to) relative to the physical thing. For instances of E19 Physical Objects it is the one which is at rest relative to the object itself, i.e., which moves together with the object. For instances of E26 Physical Feature it is one which is at rest relative to the physical feature itself and the surrounding matter immediately connected to it. Therefore, there is a 1:1 relation between the instance E18 Physical Thing and the instance of E53 Place it occupies. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces. This property implies the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. However, in contrast to P156 occupies, the property P161 has spatial projection does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. In contrast to P156 occupies, for the property P53 has former or current location the following holds: It does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. It identifies a possibly wider instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time-span. If the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place is not at rest with respect to the physical thing found there, the physical thing may move away after some time to another place and/or may have been at some other place before. The same holds for the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. Examples: - The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) occupies the space of the Saint Titus reliquary (E53). [The reliquary is currently kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966 and contains the skull of Saint Titus.] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010) - Burg Eltz near Koblenz, Germany (E24) occupies the space within the 1661AD outer walls of Burg Eltz (E53). [The castle (English name: Eltz Castle) underwent a series of expansions starting in the 12(th) century until it reached its current extent in 1661AD and contains buildings from various periods.] In First Order Logic: - P156(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P156(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P156(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E18(x) ∧ E53(y) ∧ P196(x,z) ∧ P161(z,y) ∧ P157(y,x)]
has super-properties
P157i provides reference space for op, P53 has former or current location op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P156i is occupied by op

P156i is occupied byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P156i_is_occupied_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the largest volume in space, an instance of E53 Place, that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to the physical thing itself. This allows for describing the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. The reference space for the associated place must be the one that is permanently at rest (P157 is at rest relative to) relative to the physical thing. For instances of E19 Physical Objects it is the one which is at rest relative to the object itself, i.e., which moves together with the object. For instances of E26 Physical Feature it is one which is at rest relative to the physical feature itself and the surrounding matter immediately connected to it. Therefore, there is a 1:1 relation between the instance E18 Physical Thing and the instance of E53 Place it occupies. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces. This property implies the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. However, in contrast to P156 occupies, the property P161 has spatial projection does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. In contrast to P156 occupies, for the property P53 has former or current location the following holds: It does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. It identifies a possibly wider instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time-span. If the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place is not at rest with respect to the physical thing found there, the physical thing may move away after some time to another place and/or may have been at some other place before. The same holds for the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. Examples of the inverse property: - The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) occupies the space of the Saint Titus reliquary (E53). [The reliquary is currently kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966 and contains the skull of Saint Titus.] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010) - Burg Eltz near Koblenz, Germany (E24) occupies the space within the 1661AD outer walls of Burg Eltz (E53). [The castle (English name: Eltz Castle) underwent a series of expansions starting in the 12(th) century until it reached its current extent in 1661AD and contains buildings from various periods.] In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P156(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P156(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P156(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E18(x) ∧ E53(y) ∧ P196(x,z) ∧ P161(z,y) ∧ P157(y,x)]
has super-properties
P157 is at rest relative to op, P53i is former or current location of op
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P156 occupies op

P157 is at rest relative toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P157_is_at_rest_relative_to

Quantification: many to many, necessary(1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of E53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an instance of E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space. Examples: - The spatial extent of the municipality of Athens in 2014 (E53) is at rest relative to The Royal Observatory in Greenwich (E25). (Maunder, 1900) - The place where Lord Nelson died on H.M.S. Victory (E53) is at rest relative to H.M.S. Victory (E22). (Adkin, 2005) In First Order Logic: - P157(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P157(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has sub-properties
P156i is occupied by op, P59i is located on or within op
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P157i provides reference space for op

P157i provides reference space forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P157i_provides_reference_space_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary(1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of E53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an instance of E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space. Examples of the inverse property: - The spatial extent of the municipality of Athens in 2014 (E53) is at rest relative to The Royal Observatory in Greenwich (E25). (Maunder, 1900) - The place where Lord Nelson died on H.M.S. Victory (E53) is at rest relative to H.M.S. Victory (E22). (Adkin, 2005) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P157(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P157(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has sub-properties
P156 occupies op, P59 has section op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P157 is at rest relative to op

P15i influencedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P15i_influenced

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This is a high-level property, which captures the relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and anything, that is, an instance of E1 CRM Entity, that may have had some bearing upon it. The property has more specific subproperties. Examples of the inverse property: - The designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (E7) was influenced by the Tyne Bridge (E22). (Dorman Long, 1932) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P15(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P15(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)
has sub-properties
P134i was continued by op, P136i supported type creation op, P16i was used for op, P17i motivated op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P15 was influenced by op

P16 used specific objectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P16_used_specific_object

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer. Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use. Examples: - The writing of the scope note of the CIDOC CRM property “P16 used specific object” contained in the CIDOC CRM version 4.1 (E7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts’ computer (E22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (E55). [the original scope note was later extended in the CIDOC CRM version 4.3] - The people of Iraq calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ (E7) used specific object “Quyunjig” (E41) mode of use current; vernacular (E55). Properties: - P16.1 mode of use: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P16(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P16(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) - P16(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y) - P16(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y) - P16(x,y,z) ⇒ [P16(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op, P15 was influenced by op
has sub-properties
P111 added op, P142 used constituent op, P33 used specific technique op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E70 Thing c
is inverse of
P16i was used for op

P160 has temporal projectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P160_has_temporal_projection

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the temporal projection of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is the same as P160 has temporal projection if it is used to document an instance of E4 Period or any subclass of it. Examples: - The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Temeraire from its building in 1798 to its destruction in 1838 (E92) has temporal projection the time-span of the existence of H.M.S. Temeraire (E52) [at some time within (P82) “1798-1838” (E61).] (Willis, 2010) - The Battle of Waterloo 1815 (E7) has temporal projection the time-span of the Battle of Waterloo (E52) [at some time within (P82) “Sunday, 18(th) June 1815” (E61).] (Black, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P160(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P160(x,y)⇒ E52(y)
has sub-properties
P164 is temporally specified by op
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P160i is temporal projection of op

P160i is temporal projection ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P160i_is_temporal_projection_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the temporal projection of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is the same as P160 has temporal projection if it is used to document an instance of E4 Period or any subclass of it. Examples of the inverse property: - The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Temeraire from its building in 1798 to its destruction in 1838 (E92) has temporal projection the time-span of the existence of H.M.S. Temeraire (E52) [at some time within (P82) “1798-1838” (E61).] (Willis, 2010) - The Battle of Waterloo 1815 (E7) has temporal projection the time-span of the Battle of Waterloo (E52) [at some time within (P82) “Sunday, 18(th) June 1815” (E61).] (Black, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P160(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P160(x,y)⇒ E52(y)
has sub-properties
P164i temporally specifies op
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P160 has temporal projection op

P161 has spatial projectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P161_has_spatial_projection

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space. In general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique. The spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume, which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime Volume which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the range of this property and are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes. The spatial projection is unique with respect to the reference system. For instance, there is exactly one spatial projection of Lord Nelson’s dying relative to the ship HMS Victory, i.e. the location of his body relative to the ship HMS Victory at the time of his death. In case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever present at, for instance, the Roman Empire. This property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by). Examples: - The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992) In First Order Logic: - P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - (∃y,z,u) [E92(x) ˄ E53(y) ˄ E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ] ⇒ (x = y) - P161(x,y) ˄ E4(x) ⇒ P7(x,y)
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P161i is spatial projection of op

P161i is spatial projection ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P161i_is_spatial_projection_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space. In general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique. The spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume, which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime Volume which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the range of this property and are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes. The spatial projection is unique with respect to the reference system. For instance, there is exactly one spatial projection of Lord Nelson’s dying relative to the ship HMS Victory, i.e. the location of his body relative to the ship HMS Victory at the time of his death. In case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever present at, for instance, the Roman Empire. This property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by). Examples of the inverse property: - The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x) - P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - (∃y,z,u) [E92(x) ˄ E53(y) ˄ E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ] ⇒ (x = y) - P161(x,y) ˄ E4(x) ⇒ P7(x,y)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P161 has spatial projection op

P164 is temporally specified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P164_is_temporally_specified_by

Quantification: many to one, necessary(1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property relates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E52 Time-Span that defines the time-slice of the spacetime volume that this instance of E93 Presence is related to via the property P166 was a presence of (had presence). There are two typical cases for the determination of the related instance of E52 Time-Span. In the first, it is the temporal extent of an instance of E2 Temporal Entity (documented with P4 has time-span (is time-span of)): this then documents the simultaneity of the instance of E93 Presence and the instance of E2 Temporal Entity, even if the absolute time-span is not known, and can be regarded as a phenomenal time-span. In the second, the instance of E52 Time-Span is a date range declared in or derived from historical sources or provided by dating methods: this is a declarative time-span. Examples: - 2016-02-09 (E52) temporally specifies the last day of the 2016 Carnival in Cologne (E93). - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) is temporally specified by December 1755 (E52.) (Leppmann, 1970) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) is temporally specified by 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E52). (Leppmann, 1970) In First Order Logic: - P164(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P164(x,y) ⇒ E52(y) - P164(x,y) ⇒ P160(x,y)
has super-properties
P160 has temporal projection op
has domain
E93 Presence c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P164i temporally specifies op

P164i temporally specifiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P164i_temporally_specifies

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary(1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property relates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E52 Time-Span that defines the time-slice of the spacetime volume that this instance of E93 Presence is related to via the property P166 was a presence of (had presence). There are two typical cases for the determination of the related instance of E52 Time-Span. In the first, it is the temporal extent of an instance of E2 Temporal Entity (documented with P4 has time-span (is time-span of)): this then documents the simultaneity of the instance of E93 Presence and the instance of E2 Temporal Entity, even if the absolute time-span is not known, and can be regarded as a phenomenal time-span. In the second, the instance of E52 Time-Span is a date range declared in or derived from historical sources or provided by dating methods: this is a declarative time-span. Examples of the inverse property: - 2016-02-09 (E52) temporally specifies the last day of the 2016 Carnival in Cologne (E93). - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) is temporally specified by December 1755 (E52.) (Leppmann, 1970) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) is temporally specified by 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E52). (Leppmann, 1970) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P164(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P164(x,y) ⇒ E52(y) - P164(x,y) ⇒ P160(x,y)
has super-properties
P160i is temporal projection of op
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E93 Presence c
is inverse of
P164 is temporally specified by op

P165 incorporatesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P165_incorporates

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it. This property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many instances of E73 Information Object, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities. It accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc. In particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters. When restricted to information objects, that is, seen as a property with E73 Information Object as domain and range the property is transitive. A digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of a manuscript page, if the respective text is defined as a sequence of symbols of a particular type, such as Latin characters, and the resolution and quality of the digital image is sufficient to resolve these symbols so they are readable on the digital image. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - The content of Charles-Moïse Briquet’s ‘Les Filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier’ (E32) incorporates the visual aspect of the watermark used around 1358-61 by some Spanish papermaker(s) and identified as ‘Briquet 4019’ (E37). (Briquet, 1985) - The visual content of Jacopo Amigoni’s painting known as ‘The Singer Farinelli and friends’ (E36) incorporates the musical notation of Farinelli’s musical work entitled ‘La Partenza’ (E73). (National Gallery of Victoria) - The visual content of Nicolas Poussin’s painting entitled ‘Les Bergers d’Arcadie’ (E36) incorporates the Latin phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ (E33). (Wikipedia, 2020) In First Order Logic: - P165(x,y) ⇒ E73(x) - P165(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P165(x,y) ⇒ P106(x,y) - P165(x,y) ⇒ ¬P165(y,x)
has super-properties
P106 is composed of op
has domain
E73 Information Object c
has range
E90 Symbolic Object c
is inverse of
P165i is incorporated in op

P165i is incorporated inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P165i_is_incorporated_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it. This property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many instances of E73 Information Object, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities. It accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc. In particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters. When restricted to information objects, that is, seen as a property with E73 Information Object as domain and range the property is transitive. A digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of a manuscript page, if the respective text is defined as a sequence of symbols of a particular type, such as Latin characters, and the resolution and quality of the digital image is sufficient to resolve these symbols so they are readable on the digital image. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - The content of Charles-Moïse Briquet’s ‘Les Filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier’ (E32) incorporates the visual aspect of the watermark used around 1358-61 by some Spanish papermaker(s) and identified as ‘Briquet 4019’ (E37). (Briquet, 1985) - The visual content of Jacopo Amigoni’s painting known as ‘The Singer Farinelli and friends’ (E36) incorporates the musical notation of Farinelli’s musical work entitled ‘La Partenza’ (E73). (National Gallery of Victoria) - The visual content of Nicolas Poussin’s painting entitled ‘Les Bergers d’Arcadie’ (E36) incorporates the Latin phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ (E33). (Wikipedia, 2020) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P165(x,y) ⇒ E73(x) - P165(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) - P165(x,y) ⇒ P106(x,y) - P165(x,y) ⇒ ¬P165(y,x)
has super-properties
P106i forms part of op
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c
has range
E73 Information Object c
is inverse of
P165 incorporates op

P166 was a presence ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P166_was_a_presence_of

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice). Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Examples: - The Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (E93) was a presence of The Roman Empire (E4). (Clare and Edwards, 1992) In First Order Logic: - P166(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P166(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P166(x,y) ⇒ P10(x,y)
has super-properties
P10 falls within op
has domain
E93 Presence c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P166i had presence op

P166i had presenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P166i_had_presence

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice). Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Examples of the inverse property: - The Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (E93) was a presence of The Roman Empire (E4). (Clare and Edwards, 1992) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P166(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P166(x,y) ⇒ E92(y) - P166(x,y) ⇒ P10(x,y)
has super-properties
P10i contains op
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E93 Presence c
is inverse of
P166 was a presence of op

P167 was withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P167_was_within

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically includes the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Besides others, this property may be used to state in which space an object has been for some known time, such as a room of a castle or in a drawer. It may also be used to describe a confinement of the spatial extent of some realm during a known time-span. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place. Examples: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was within Rome (E53). (Leppmann, 1970) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was within Italy (E53). (Leppmann, 1970) In First Order Logic: - P167(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P167(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P167(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]
has domain
E93 Presence c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P167i includes op

P167i includesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P167i_includes

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically includes the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Besides others, this property may be used to state in which space an object has been for some known time, such as a room of a castle or in a drawer. It may also be used to describe a confinement of the spatial extent of some realm during a known time-span. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place. Examples of the inverse property: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was within Rome (E53). (Leppmann, 1970) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was within Italy (E53). (Leppmann, 1970) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P167(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P167(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P167(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E93 Presence c
is inverse of
P167 was within op

P16i was used forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P16i_was_used_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer. Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use. Examples of the inverse property: - The writing of the scope note of the CIDOC CRM property “P16 used specific object” contained in the CIDOC CRM version 4.1 (E7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts’ computer (E22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (E55). [the original scope note was later extended in the CIDOC CRM version 4.3] - The people of Iraq calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ (E7) used specific object “Quyunjig” (E41) mode of use current; vernacular (E55). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P16(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P16(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) - P16(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y) - P16(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y) - P16(x,y,z) ⇒ [P16(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has super-properties
P12i was present at op, P15i influenced op
has sub-properties
P111i was added by op, P142i was used in op, P33i was used by op
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P16 used specific object op

P17 was motivated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P17_was_motivated_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the instance of E7 Activity. For example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from headquarters can start a military manoeuvre. Examples: - The resignation of the chief executive (E7) was motivated by the collapse of SwissAir (E68). - The coronation of Elizabeth II (E7) was motivated by the death of George VI (E69). (Strong, 2005) In First Order Logic: - P17(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P17(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P17(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)
has super-properties
P15 was influenced by op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P17i motivated op

P173 starts before or with the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P173_starts_before_or_with_the_end_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(end) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to the disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, met-by, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}. This property is not transitive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_01.png Figure 8: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_02.png Figure 9: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - The legendary run from Marathon to Athens 490BC (E7) starts before or with the end of The Battle of Marathon 490BC (E7). - LMIIB (E4) ends after or with the start of the Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C.E.) (E4). [Evidence for this is provided by the scarab seal found at Poros in a context of LMIIB. The scarab belongs to the type “nh.s n Jmn”. During the Akhenaten period he production of these scarab seals stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). So the scarab could not have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production.] (Karetsou, 2000) In First Order Logic: - P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)
has sub-properties
P174 starts before the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P173i ends after or with the start of op

P173i ends after or with the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P173i_ends_after_or_with_the_start_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(end) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to the disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, met-by, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}. This property is not transitive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_01.png Figure 8: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_02.png Figure 9: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - The legendary run from Marathon to Athens 490BC (E7) starts before or with the end of The Battle of Marathon 490BC (E7). - LMIIB (E4) ends after or with the start of the Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C.E.) (E4). [Evidence for this is provided by the scarab seal found at Poros in a context of LMIIB. The scarab belongs to the type “nh.s n Jmn”. During the Akhenaten period he production of these scarab seals stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). So the scarab could not have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production.] (Karetsou, 2000) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)
has sub-properties
P174i ends after the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P173 starts before or with the end of op

P174 starts before the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P174_starts_before_the_end_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(end) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by} Typically, this property is a consequence of a known influence of some event on another event or activity, such as a novel written by someone being continued by someone else, or the knowledge of a defeat on a distant battlefield causing people to end their ongoing activities. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_03.png Figure 10: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_04.png Figure 11: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - The settling activity of the city of Assur (Ashur) (E7) starts before the end of The Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (E4). [There are some 200 - 300 years differences in the chronology of the First Intermediate Period, and Assur is dated to “about 2500 BC”.] (Pedersén, 1986) - The building of the current St. Peters in Rome (E7) starts before the end of the demolition of the old 4(th) c. St. Peters (E6, E7) (Bosman, 2004) In First Order Logic: - P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P174(x,y) ⇒ P173(x,y) - ¬P174(x,x)
has super-properties
P173 starts before or with the end of op
has sub-properties
P175 starts before or with the start of op, P184 ends before or with the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P174i ends after the start of op

P174i ends after the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P174i_ends_after_the_start_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(end) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by} Typically, this property is a consequence of a known influence of some event on another event or activity, such as a novel written by someone being continued by someone else, or the knowledge of a defeat on a distant battlefield causing people to end their ongoing activities. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_03.png Figure 10: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_04.png Figure 11: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - The settling activity of the city of Assur (Ashur) (E7) starts before the end of The Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (E4). [There are some 200 - 300 years differences in the chronology of the First Intermediate Period, and Assur is dated to “about 2500 BC”.] (Pedersén, 1986) - The building of the current St. Peters in Rome (E7) starts before the end of the demolition of the old 4(th) c. St. Peters (E6, E7) (Bosman, 2004) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P174(x,y) ⇒ P173(x,y) - ¬P174(x,x)
has super-properties
P173i ends after or with the start of op
has sub-properties
P175i starts after or with the start of op, P184i ends with or after the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P174 starts before the end of op

P175 starts before or with the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P175_starts_before_or_with_the_start_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finished-by, equals} In a model with fuzzy borders, this property will not be transitive. This property is irreflexive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_05.png Figure 12: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_06.png Figure 13: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - The production of the scarab seal found in Poros in a context of LMIIIB (E12) starts after or with the start of Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C) (E4). [The scarab stamp seal found in Poros was associated with finds dated to the LMIIIB period. The seal is dated to the Tutankhamun period or later because it belongs to the scarabs of type “nh.s n Jmn”: During Akhenaten period, the production of this type of scarab seal stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). Therefore, the scarab cannot have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production] (Karetsou, 2000) - The production of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in Tholos B in Platanos (E12) starts after or with the start of the Hammurabi period of the kingdom (E4). [Of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in tholos B in Platanos believed to connect king Hammurabi with the MM I period. Specifically, although the finding is believed to have been found in a MM I layer, it contained material from the MM III/YM I period. Therefore, the seal may be from the Hammurabi period or, it may be from a later period.] (Walberg, 1992.) In First Order Logic: - P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P175(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y) - ¬P175(x,x)
has super-properties
P174 starts before the end of op
has sub-properties
P176 starts before the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P175i starts after or with the start of op

P175i starts after or with the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P175i_starts_after_or_with_the_start_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finished-by, equals} In a model with fuzzy borders, this property will not be transitive. This property is irreflexive. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_05.png Figure 12: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_06.png Figure 13: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - The production of the scarab seal found in Poros in a context of LMIIIB (E12) starts after or with the start of Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C) (E4). [The scarab stamp seal found in Poros was associated with finds dated to the LMIIIB period. The seal is dated to the Tutankhamun period or later because it belongs to the scarabs of type “nh.s n Jmn”: During Akhenaten period, the production of this type of scarab seal stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). Therefore, the scarab cannot have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production] (Karetsou, 2000) - The production of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in Tholos B in Platanos (E12) starts after or with the start of the Hammurabi period of the kingdom (E4). [Of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in tholos B in Platanos believed to connect king Hammurabi with the MM I period. Specifically, although the finding is believed to have been found in a MM I layer, it contained material from the MM III/YM I period. Therefore, the seal may be from the Hammurabi period or, it may be from a later period.] (Walberg, 1992.) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P175(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y) - ¬P175(x,x)
has super-properties
P174i ends after the start of op
has sub-properties
P176i starts after the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P175 starts before or with the start of op

P176 starts before the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P176_starts_before_the_start_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, contains, finished-by}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_07.png Figure 14: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_08.png Figure 15: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - The reign of King Harold II (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of Hastings (E7). (Wikipedia 2022a) - The life of Attila “the Hun” (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (E7). [June 20, 451 AD] (Wikipedia 2022b) In First Order Logic: - P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P176(x,y) ⇒ P175(x,y) - [P176(x,y) ∧ P176(y,z)] ⇒ P176(x,z) - P176(x,y) ⇒ ¬P176(y,x)
has super-properties
P175 starts before or with the start of op
has sub-properties
P134i was continued by op, P182 ends before or with the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P176i starts after the start of op

P176i starts after the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P176i_starts_after_the_start_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, contains, finished-by}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_07.png Figure 14: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_08.png Figure 15: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - The reign of King Harold II (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of Hastings (E7). (Wikipedia 2022a) - The life of Attila “the Hun” (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (E7). [June 20, 451 AD] (Wikipedia 2022b) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P176(x,y) ⇒ P175(x,y) - [P176(x,y) ∧ P176(y,z)] ⇒ P176(x,z) - P176(x,y) ⇒ ¬P176(y,x)
has super-properties
P175i starts after or with the start of op
has sub-properties
P134 continued op, P182i starts after or with the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P176 starts before the start of op

P177 assigned property of typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P177_assigned_property_of_type

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the type of property or relation that this assignment maintains to hold between the item to which it assigns an attribute and the attribute itself. Note that the properties defined by the CIDOC CRM also constitute instances of E55 Type themselves. The direction of the assigned property of type is understood to be from the attributed item (the range of property P140 assigned attribute to) to the attribute item (the range of the property P141 assigned). More than one property type may be assigned to hold between two items. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document. Examples: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned property of type P52 has former or current owner (is former or current keeper of) (E55). (fictitious) - 1(st) June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned property of type P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) (E55). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned property of type binding structure type (E55). [‘binding structure type’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects a book (E22) to the type of its binding structure (E55)] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type damage (E55). [‘damage’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like an endband core (E22) to the type of damage (E55) it shows] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type quality (E55). [‘quality’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like a book cover (E22) to its quality (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P177(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P177(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has super-properties
P2 has type op
has domain
E13 Attribute Assignment c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P177i is type of property assigned op

P177i is type of property assignedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P177i_is_type_of_property_assigned

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the type of property or relation that this assignment maintains to hold between the item to which it assigns an attribute and the attribute itself. Note that the properties defined by the CIDOC CRM also constitute instances of E55 Type themselves. The direction of the assigned property of type is understood to be from the attributed item (the range of property P140 assigned attribute to) to the attribute item (the range of the property P141 assigned). More than one property type may be assigned to hold between two items. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document. Examples of the inverse property: - The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned property of type P52 has former or current owner (is former or current keeper of) (E55). (fictitious) - 1(st) June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned property of type P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) (E55). (fictitious) - The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned property of type binding structure type (E55). [‘binding structure type’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects a book (E22) to the type of its binding structure (E55)] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type damage (E55). [‘damage’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like an endband core (E22) to the type of damage (E55) it shows] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type quality (E55). [‘quality’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like a book cover (E22) to its quality (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P177(x,y) ⇒ E13(x) - P177(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has super-properties
P2i is type of op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E13 Attribute Assignment c
is inverse of
P177 assigned property of type op

P179 had sales priceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P179_had_sales_price

Quantification: many to many (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E96 Purchase and the instance of E97 Monetary Amount that forms the compensation for the transaction. The monetary amount agreed upon may change in the course of the purchase activity. Examples: - The sale of Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” 30(th) March 1987 (E96) had sales price Christie’s hammer price for “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” (E97). - The purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 (E96) had sales price 20 piastre (grosi) (E97). (Syrmas, 1896) In First Order Logic: - P179(x,y) ⇒ E96(x) - P179(x,y) ⇒ E97(y)
has domain
E96 Purchase c
has range
E97 Monetary Amount c
is inverse of
P179i was sales price of op

P179i was sales price ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P179i_was_sales_price_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E96 Purchase and the instance of E97 Monetary Amount that forms the compensation for the transaction. The monetary amount agreed upon may change in the course of the purchase activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The sale of Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” 30(th) March 1987 (E96) had sales price Christie’s hammer price for “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” (E97). - The purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 (E96) had sales price 20 piastre (grosi) (E97). (Syrmas, 1896) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P179(x,y) ⇒ E96(x) - P179(x,y) ⇒ E97(y)
has domain
E97 Monetary Amount c
has range
E96 Purchase c
is inverse of
P179 had sales price op

P17i motivatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P17i_motivated

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the instance of E7 Activity. For example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from headquarters can start a military manoeuvre. Examples of the inverse property: - The resignation of the chief executive (E7) was motivated by the collapse of SwissAir (E68). - The coronation of Elizabeth II (E7) was motivated by the death of George VI (E69). (Strong, 2005) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P17(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P17(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P17(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)
has super-properties
P15i influenced op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P17 was motivated by op

P180 has currencyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P180_has_currency

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E97 Monetary Amount and the instance of E98 Currency that it is measured in. Examples: - Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has currency British Pounds (E98). In First Order Logic: - P180(x,y) ⇒ E97(x) - P180(x,y) ⇒ E98(y) - P180(x,y) ⇒ P91(x,y)
has super-properties
P91 has unit op
has domain
E97 Monetary Amount c
has range
E98 Currency c
is inverse of
P180i was currency of op

P180i was currency ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P180i_was_currency_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property establishes the relationship between an instance of E97 Monetary Amount and the instance of E98 Currency that it is measured in. Examples of the inverse property: - Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has currency British Pounds (E98). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P180(x,y) ⇒ E97(x) - P180(x,y) ⇒ E98(y) - P180(x,y) ⇒ P91(x,y)
has super-properties
P91i is unit of op
has domain
E98 Currency c
has range
E97 Monetary Amount c
is inverse of
P180 has currency op

P182 ends before or with the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P182_ends_before_or_with_the_start_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_09.png Figure 16: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_10.png Figure 17: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - Lerna III (E4) ends before or with the start of Lerna IV (E4). [“The site at Lerna probably was not left uninhabited for long after the destruction of the House of the Tiles and the raising of the tumulus. If there was a gap corresponding to the earliest stage of EH III in the Argolid, as has been suggested by some (see, e.g., Manning 1995: 55–60), it was a brief one. In Rutter’s view, the short life of the Fourth Settlement began ca. 2200/2150 b.c. and ended ca. 2050/2000 b.c.”] (Banks & Reese, 2013) - The use of LH I graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4) ends before or with the start of LH III phase of reuse of the graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4). [“…a possible hiatus in the occupation of certain sites such as the settlement of Krisa in Phocis, which was well occupied in the MH and LHIII periods. LHIIB pottery from this settlement has already been identified, but no certain example of LHIIA pottery.”] (Phialon 2018) In First Order Logic: - P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P182(x,y) ⇒ P176(x,y) - P182(x,y) ⇒ P185(x,y) - [P182(x,y) ⋀ P182(y,z) ⇒ P182(x,z)] - P182(x,y) ⇒ ¬P182(y,x)
has super-properties
P176 starts before the start of op, P185 ends before the end of op
has sub-properties
P183 ends before the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P182i starts after or with the end of op

P182i starts after or with the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P182i_starts_after_or_with_the_end_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_09.png Figure 16: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_10.png Figure 17: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - Lerna III (E4) ends before or with the start of Lerna IV (E4). [“The site at Lerna probably was not left uninhabited for long after the destruction of the House of the Tiles and the raising of the tumulus. If there was a gap corresponding to the earliest stage of EH III in the Argolid, as has been suggested by some (see, e.g., Manning 1995: 55–60), it was a brief one. In Rutter’s view, the short life of the Fourth Settlement began ca. 2200/2150 b.c. and ended ca. 2050/2000 b.c.”] (Banks & Reese, 2013) - The use of LH I graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4) ends before or with the start of LH III phase of reuse of the graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4). [“…a possible hiatus in the occupation of certain sites such as the settlement of Krisa in Phocis, which was well occupied in the MH and LHIII periods. LHIIB pottery from this settlement has already been identified, but no certain example of LHIIA pottery.”] (Phialon 2018) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P182(x,y) ⇒ P176(x,y) - P182(x,y) ⇒ P185(x,y) - [P182(x,y) ⋀ P182(y,z) ⇒ P182(x,z)] - P182(x,y) ⇒ ¬P182(y,x)
has super-properties
P176i starts after the start of op, P185i ends after the end of op
has sub-properties
P183i starts after the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P182 ends before or with the start of op

P183 ends before the start ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P183_ends_before_the_start_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to the following Allen temporal relation (Allen, 1983) : {before}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_11.png Figure 18: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_12.png Figure 19: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - Gisle taking office as Bishop of Linköping 1139 AD (E7) ends before the start of The Guta saga composition (E65). (Peel, 1999) - Troy VII (E4) ends before the start of Troy VIII (E4). [uninhabited for some 200 years] - The use of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in Nihoria in the MHIII-LHI period (E4) ends before the start of the period of reuse of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in LHIIIA (E4). [“Of the six tombs excavated in the Nikitopoulou group […] the finds in Tomb Four are of MH II or MH III-LH I date, with the exception of the finds with the Northern group of material, which is uniformly dated to LHIIA2, end the ewer in the middle of the floor, dated LHIIIA1. […] The preserved evidence seems clearly to indicate use in the MHIII-LHI use in the MHIII-LHI period followed by a period of reuse in LHIIIA, a pattern matched at architecturally similar sites such as 13:Kaminia and 10:Gouvalári.”] (Boyd, 2002) In First Order Logic: - P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P183(x,y) ⇒ P182(x,y) - [P183(x,y) ∧ P183(y,z)] ⇒ P183(x,z) - P183(x,y) ⇒ ¬P183(y,x)
has super-properties
P182 ends before or with the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P183i starts after the end of op

P183i starts after the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P183i_starts_after_the_end_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(start) is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to the following Allen temporal relation (Allen, 1983) : {before}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_11.png Figure 18: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_12.png Figure 19: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - Gisle taking office as Bishop of Linköping 1139 AD (E7) ends before the start of The Guta saga composition (E65). (Peel, 1999) - Troy VII (E4) ends before the start of Troy VIII (E4). [uninhabited for some 200 years] - The use of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in Nihoria in the MHIII-LHI period (E4) ends before the start of the period of reuse of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in LHIIIA (E4). [“Of the six tombs excavated in the Nikitopoulou group […] the finds in Tomb Four are of MH II or MH III-LH I date, with the exception of the finds with the Northern group of material, which is uniformly dated to LHIIA2, end the ewer in the middle of the floor, dated LHIIIA1. […] The preserved evidence seems clearly to indicate use in the MHIII-LHI use in the MHIII-LHI period followed by a period of reuse in LHIIIA, a pattern matched at architecturally similar sites such as 13:Kaminia and 10:Gouvalári.”] (Boyd, 2002) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P183(x,y) ⇒ P182(x,y) - [P183(x,y) ∧ P183(y,z)] ⇒ P183(x,z) - P183(x,y) ⇒ ¬P183(y,x)
has super-properties
P182i starts after or with the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P183 ends before the start of op

P184 ends before or with the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P184_ends_before_or_with_the_end_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(end )is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, finished by, start, equals, during, finishes}. This property is irreflexive https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_13.png Figure 20: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_14.png Figure 21: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - The reign/life of Harold II (E4) ends before or with the end of the Battle of Hastings (E7) In First Order Logic: - P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P184(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y) - ¬P184(x,x)
has super-properties
P174 starts before the end of op
has sub-properties
P185 ends before the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P184i ends with or after the end of op

P184i ends with or after the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P184i_ends_with_or_after_the_end_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(end )is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, finished by, start, equals, during, finishes}. This property is irreflexive https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_13.png Figure 20: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_14.png Figure 21: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - The reign/life of Harold II (E4) ends before or with the end of the Battle of Hastings (E7) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P184(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y) - ¬P184(x,x)
has super-properties
P174i ends after the start of op
has sub-properties
P185i ends after the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P184 ends before or with the end of op

P185 ends before the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P185_ends_before_the_end_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(end )is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, during}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_15.png Figure 22: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_16.png Figure 23: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples: - Godstow Abbey, Oxfordshire as a working abbey (E4 Period) ends before the end of the reign of Henry VIII (E4 Period). In First Order Logic: - P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P185(x,y) ⇒ P184(x,y) - [P185(x,y) ∧ P185(y,z)] ⇒ P185(x,z)P185(x,y) ⇒ ¬P185(y,x)
has super-properties
P184 ends before or with the end of op
has sub-properties
P182 ends before or with the start of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P185i ends after the end of op

P185i ends after the end ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P185i_ends_after_the_end_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. In other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(end )is true. This property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185. This property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, during}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_15.png Figure 22: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B https://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_16.png Figure 23: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B Examples of the inverse property: - Godstow Abbey, Oxfordshire as a working abbey (E4 Period) ends before the end of the reign of Henry VIII (E4 Period). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(y) - P185(x,y) ⇒ P184(x,y) - [P185(x,y) ∧ P185(y,z)] ⇒ P185(x,z)P185(x,y) ⇒ ¬P185(y,x)
has super-properties
P184i ends with or after the end of op
has sub-properties
P182i starts after or with the end of op
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P185 ends before the end of op

P186 produced thing of product typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P186_produced_thing_of_product_type

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E12 Production with the instance of E99 Production Type, that is, the type of the things it produces. Examples: - The production activity of the Volkswagen factory related to the “Standard limousine Type II” during 1949-1953 (E12) produced thing of product type Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99). (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic: - P186(x,y) ⇒ E12(x) - P186(x,y) ⇒ E99(y) - P186(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E24(z) ∧ P108(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has domain
E12 Production c
has range
E99 Product Type c
is inverse of
P186i is produced by op

P186i is produced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P186i_is_produced_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E12 Production with the instance of E99 Production Type, that is, the type of the things it produces. Examples of the inverse property: - The production activity of the Volkswagen factory related to the “Standard limousine Type II” during 1949-1953 (E12) produced thing of product type Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99). (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P186(x,y) ⇒ E12(x) - P186(x,y) ⇒ E99(y) - P186(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E24(z) ∧ P108(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]
has domain
E99 Product Type c
has range
E12 Production c
is inverse of
P186 produced thing of product type op

P187 has production planop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P187_has_production_plan

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E29 Design or Procedure that completely determines the production of instances of E18 Physical Thing. The resulting instances of E18 Physical Thing are considered exemplars of this instance of E99 Product Type when the process specified is correctly executed. Note that the respective instance of E29 Design or Procedure may not necessarily be fixed in a written/graphical form, and may require the use of tools or models unique to the product type. The same instance of E99 Product Type may be associated with several variant plans. Examples: - Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) has production plan the production plans for Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E29). (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic: - P187(x,y) ⇒ E99(x) - P187(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)
has domain
E99 Product Type c
has range
E29 Design or Procedure c
is inverse of
P187i is production plan for op

P187i is production plan forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P187i_is_production_plan_for

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E29 Design or Procedure that completely determines the production of instances of E18 Physical Thing. The resulting instances of E18 Physical Thing are considered exemplars of this instance of E99 Product Type when the process specified is correctly executed. Note that the respective instance of E29 Design or Procedure may not necessarily be fixed in a written/graphical form, and may require the use of tools or models unique to the product type. The same instance of E99 Product Type may be associated with several variant plans. Examples of the inverse property: - Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) has production plan the production plans for Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E29). (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P187(x,y) ⇒ E99(x) - P187(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)
has domain
E29 Design or Procedure c
has range
E99 Product Type c
is inverse of
P187 has production plan op

P188 requires production toolop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P188_requires_production_tool

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E19 Physical Object that is needed for the production of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. When the process of production is correctly executed in accordance with the plan and using the specified instance of E19 Physical Object, the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing is considered an exemplar of this instance of E99 Product Type. The instance of E19 Physical Object may bear distinct features that are transformed into characteristic features of the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples include models and moulds. Examples: - Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) requires production tool the luggage compartment lid mould for the Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E22). [See thumbnail image of the luggage compartment lid: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg)] (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic: - P188(x,y) ⇒ E99(x) - P188(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)
has domain
E99 Product Type c
has range
E19 Physical Object c
is inverse of
P188i is production tool for op

P188i is production tool forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P188i_is_production_tool_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E19 Physical Object that is needed for the production of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. When the process of production is correctly executed in accordance with the plan and using the specified instance of E19 Physical Object, the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing is considered an exemplar of this instance of E99 Product Type. The instance of E19 Physical Object may bear distinct features that are transformed into characteristic features of the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples include models and moulds. Examples of the inverse property: - Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) requires production tool the luggage compartment lid mould for the Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E22). [See thumbnail image of the luggage compartment lid: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg)] (Rieger, 2013) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P188(x,y) ⇒ E99(x) - P188(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)
has domain
E19 Physical Object c
has range
E99 Product Type c
is inverse of
P188 requires production tool op

P189 approximatesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P189_approximates

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place, which is defined in the same reference space, and which is used to approximate the former. The property does not necessarily state the quality or accuracy of this approximation, but rather indicates the use of the first instance of place to approximate the second. In common documentation practice, find or encounter spots e.g. in archaeology, botany or zoology are often related to the closest village, river or other named place without detailing the relation, e.g. if it is located within the village or in a certain distance of the specified place. In this case the stated “phenomenal” place found in the documentation can be seen as an approximation of the actual encounter spot without more specific knowledge. In more recent documentation often point coordinate information is provided that originates from GPS measurements or georeferencing from a map. This point coordinate information does not state the actual place of the encounter spot but tries to approximate it with a “declarative” place. The accuracy depends on the methodology used when creating the coordinates. It may be dependent on technical limitations like GPS accuracy but also on the method where the GPS location is taken in relation to the measured feature. If the methodology is known a maximum deviation from the measured point can be calculated and the encounter spot or feature may be related to the resulting circle using an instance of P171 at some place within. This property is not transitive. This property is reflexive. Examples: - [40°31'17.9"N 21°15'48.3"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://sws.geonames.org/735927] - [40°31'00.1"N 21°16'00.1"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7010880] - [40°04'60.0"N 22°21'00.0"E] (E53) approximates Mount Olympus National Park, Greece (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://www.geonames.org/6941814] Properties: - P189.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P189(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P189(x,y) ⇒ E53 (y) - P189(x,y,z) ⇒ [P189(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P189(x,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P189i is approximated by op

P189i is approximated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P189i_is_approximated_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place, which is defined in the same reference space, and which is used to approximate the former. The property does not necessarily state the quality or accuracy of this approximation, but rather indicates the use of the first instance of place to approximate the second. In common documentation practice, find or encounter spots e.g. in archaeology, botany or zoology are often related to the closest village, river or other named place without detailing the relation, e.g. if it is located within the village or in a certain distance of the specified place. In this case the stated “phenomenal” place found in the documentation can be seen as an approximation of the actual encounter spot without more specific knowledge. In more recent documentation often point coordinate information is provided that originates from GPS measurements or georeferencing from a map. This point coordinate information does not state the actual place of the encounter spot but tries to approximate it with a “declarative” place. The accuracy depends on the methodology used when creating the coordinates. It may be dependent on technical limitations like GPS accuracy but also on the method where the GPS location is taken in relation to the measured feature. If the methodology is known a maximum deviation from the measured point can be calculated and the encounter spot or feature may be related to the resulting circle using an instance of P171 at some place within. This property is not transitive. This property is reflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - [40°31'17.9"N 21°15'48.3"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://sws.geonames.org/735927] - [40°31'00.1"N 21°16'00.1"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7010880] - [40°04'60.0"N 22°21'00.0"E] (E53) approximates Mount Olympus National Park, Greece (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://www.geonames.org/6941814] In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P189(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P189(x,y) ⇒ E53 (y) - P189(x,y,z) ⇒ [P189(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P189(x,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P189 approximates op

P19 was intended use ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P19_was_intended_use_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property relates an instance of E7 Activity with instances of E71 Human-Made Thing, created specifically for use in the activity. This is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)). Examples: - Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding dress (E71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (E7) mode of use To Be Worn (E55). (Daly, 1981) Properties: - P19.1 mode of use: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P19(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P19(x,y) ⇒ E71(y) - P19(x,y,z) ⇒ [P19(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E71 Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P19i was made for op

P191 had durationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P191_had_duration

Quantification: one to one (1,1:1,1) Scope note: This property describes the length of time covered by an instance of E52 Time-Span. It allows an instance of E52 Time-Span to be associated with an instance of E54 Dimension representing duration independent from the actual beginning and end. Indeterminacy of the duration value can be expressed by assigning a numerical interval to the property P90 has value of E54 Dimension. Examples: - The time-span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had duration Battle of Issos duration (E54). (Howard, 2012) In First Order Logic: - P191(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P191(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E54 Dimension c
is inverse of
P191i was duration of op

P191i was duration ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P191i_was_duration_of

Quantification of the inverse property: one to one (1,1:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the length of time covered by an instance of E52 Time-Span. It allows an instance of E52 Time-Span to be associated with an instance of E54 Dimension representing duration independent from the actual beginning and end. Indeterminacy of the duration value can be expressed by assigning a numerical interval to the property P90 has value of E54 Dimension. Examples of the inverse property: - The time-span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had duration Battle of Issos duration (E54). (Howard, 2012) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P191(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P191(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)
has domain
E54 Dimension c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P191 had duration op

P195 was a presence ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P195_was_a_presence_of

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E18 Physical Thing of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice) of the thing’s trajectory through spacetime. In other words, it describes where the instance of E18 Physical Thing was or moved around within a given time-span. Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P166 was a presence of (had presence) to E93 Presence. Examples: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998) In First Order Logic: - P195(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P195(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P195(x,y) ⇔ (∃z)[E92(z) ∧ P166(z,x) ∧ P196i(z,y)]
has domain
E93 Presence c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P195i had presence op

P195i had presenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P195i_had_presence

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E18 Physical Thing of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice) of the thing’s trajectory through spacetime. In other words, it describes where the instance of E18 Physical Thing was or moved around within a given time-span. Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P166 was a presence of (had presence) to E93 Presence. Examples of the inverse property: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998) - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P195(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P195(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P195(x,y) ⇔ (∃z)[E92(z) ∧ P166(z,x) ∧ P196i(z,y)]
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E93 Presence c
is inverse of
P195 was a presence of op

P196 definesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P196_defines

Quantification: one to one, necessary (1,1:0,1) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that constitutes the complete trajectory of its geometric extent through spacetime for the whole time of the existence of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. An instance of E18 Physical Thing not only occupies a particular geometric space at each instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime, i.e. the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume this property associates it with. This real spatiotemporal extent of the instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded as being unique, in all its details and fuzziness; the identity and existence of the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume depend uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing, whose existence defines it. It constitutes a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). Included in this spacetime volume are both the spaces filled by the matter of the physical thing and any inner space that may exist, for instance the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a finite number of individually contiguous subsets of this spacetime volume equal to the number of objects that constitute the set and that are never connected during its existence. Examples: - H.M.S. Temeraire (E22) defines the spacetime volume of H.M.S. Temeraire (E92). [it was built, during 1798, in Chatham and destroyed, during 1838, in Rotherhithe] (Willis, 2010) - The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) defines the spacetime volume of the Saint Titus reliquary (E92). [the reliquary has been produced by the workshop of the Vogiatzis brothers located at Monastiraki, Athens, in 1966 as container for the skull of Saint Titus, which was placed into it at that time and has since then continued to fall within the container’s spacetime volume. The reliquary with the skull has been kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010; Panotis, 2016) In First Order Logic: - P196(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P196(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E92 Spacetime Volume c
is inverse of
P196i is defined by op

P196i is defined byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P196i_is_defined_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to one, necessary (1,1:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that constitutes the complete trajectory of its geometric extent through spacetime for the whole time of the existence of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. An instance of E18 Physical Thing not only occupies a particular geometric space at each instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime, i.e. the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume this property associates it with. This real spatiotemporal extent of the instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded as being unique, in all its details and fuzziness; the identity and existence of the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume depend uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing, whose existence defines it. It constitutes a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). Included in this spacetime volume are both the spaces filled by the matter of the physical thing and any inner space that may exist, for instance the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a finite number of individually contiguous subsets of this spacetime volume equal to the number of objects that constitute the set and that are never connected during its existence. Examples of the inverse property: - H.M.S. Temeraire (E22) defines the spacetime volume of H.M.S. Temeraire (E92). [it was built, during 1798, in Chatham and destroyed, during 1838, in Rotherhithe] (Willis, 2010) - The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) defines the spacetime volume of the Saint Titus reliquary (E92). [the reliquary has been produced by the workshop of the Vogiatzis brothers located at Monastiraki, Athens, in 1966 as container for the skull of Saint Titus, which was placed into it at that time and has since then continued to fall within the container’s spacetime volume. The reliquary with the skull has been kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010; Panotis, 2016) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P196(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P196(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)
has domain
E92 Spacetime Volume c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P196 defines op

P197 covered parts ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P197_covered_parts_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically overlaps with the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. A use case of this property is to state through which places an object or an instance of E21 Person has or was moved within a given time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P121 overlaps with, to E53 Place. Examples: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) covered parts of Paestum, Italy (E53). (Wiencke, 1998) - The Byzantine Empire 1013 AD (E93) covered parts of The Italian Peninsula (E53). (Browning, 1980) In First Order Logic: - P197(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P197(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E93 Presence c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P197i was partially covered by op

P197i was partially covered byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P197i_was_partially_covered_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically overlaps with the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. A use case of this property is to state through which places an object or an instance of E21 Person has or was moved within a given time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P121 overlaps with, to E53 Place. Examples of the inverse property: - Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) covered parts of Paestum, Italy (E53). (Wiencke, 1998) - The Byzantine Empire 1013 AD (E93) covered parts of The Italian Peninsula (E53). (Browning, 1980) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P197(x,y) ⇒ E93(x) - P197(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E93 Presence c
is inverse of
P197 covered parts of op

P198 holds or supportsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P198_holds_or_supports

Quantification: one to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property relates one instance of E18 Physical Thing which acts as a container or support to a supported or contained instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typical examples of E18 Physical Things which are intended to function as a container or support include shelves, folders or boxes. These containers or supports provide a stable surface which is intended for other physical objects to be placed upon for storage, display, transport or other similar functions. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of, to E18 Physical Thing. It is not a sub-property of P46 is composed of, as the held or supported object is not a component of the container or support. This property can be used to avoid explicitly instantiating the E53 Place which is defined by an instance of E18 Physical Thing, especially when the only intended use of that instance of E18 Physical Thing is to act as a container or surface for the storage of other instances of E18 Physical Thing. The place’s existence is defined by the existence of the container or surface, and will go out of existence at the same time as the destruction of the container or surface. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - Archival folder “6” (E22) holds or supports the piece of paper carrying the text of a letter from Lawrence Alloway to Sylvia Sleigh (E22). - [ http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2003.M.46/2003.M.46.xml;chunk.id=aspace_ref12_kf7;brand=default] - Archival folder "17" (E22) holds or supports the daguerreotype that shows the image of Henry Ward Beecher as a young man (E22). - [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] - Box "88" (E22) holds or supports folder "17" (E22). [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] - Bookshelf “GRI-708.1” (E22) holds or supports the book entitled “Catalog of Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum” (E22). (Potts, 2015) In First Order Logic: - P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(y,z)] ⇒ P198(x,z) - [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(z,y)] ⇒ [P198(x,z) ˅ P198(z,x)] - P198(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)] - P198(x,y) ⇒ ¬P198(y,x)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P198i is held or supported by op

P198i is held or supported byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P198i_is_held_or_supported_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property relates one instance of E18 Physical Thing which acts as a container or support to a supported or contained instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typical examples of E18 Physical Things which are intended to function as a container or support include shelves, folders or boxes. These containers or supports provide a stable surface which is intended for other physical objects to be placed upon for storage, display, transport or other similar functions. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of, to E18 Physical Thing. It is not a sub-property of P46 is composed of, as the held or supported object is not a component of the container or support. This property can be used to avoid explicitly instantiating the E53 Place which is defined by an instance of E18 Physical Thing, especially when the only intended use of that instance of E18 Physical Thing is to act as a container or surface for the storage of other instances of E18 Physical Thing. The place’s existence is defined by the existence of the container or surface, and will go out of existence at the same time as the destruction of the container or surface. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - Archival folder “6” (E22) holds or supports the piece of paper carrying the text of a letter from Lawrence Alloway to Sylvia Sleigh (E22). - [ http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2003.M.46/2003.M.46.xml;chunk.id=aspace_ref12_kf7;brand=default] - Archival folder "17" (E22) holds or supports the daguerreotype that shows the image of Henry Ward Beecher as a young man (E22). - [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] - Box "88" (E22) holds or supports folder "17" (E22). [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] - Bookshelf “GRI-708.1” (E22) holds or supports the book entitled “Catalog of Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum” (E22). (Potts, 2015) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(y,z)] ⇒ P198(x,z) - [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(z,y)] ⇒ [P198(x,z) ˅ P198(z,x)] - P198(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)] - P198(x,y) ⇒ ¬P198(y,x)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P198 holds or supports op

P19i was made forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P19i_was_made_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property relates an instance of E7 Activity with instances of E71 Human-Made Thing, created specifically for use in the activity. This is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)). Examples of the inverse property: - Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding dress (E71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (E7) mode of use To Be Worn (E55). (Daly, 1981) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P19(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P19(x,y) ⇒ E71(y) - P19(x,y,z) ⇒ [P19(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has domain
E71 Human-Made Thing c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P19 was intended use of op

P1i identifiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P1i_identifies

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the naming or identification of any real-world item by a name or any other identifier. This property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment. This property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140i was attributed by, E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned to E42 Identifier. It is also a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P1 is identified by, E41 Appellation, P139 has alternative form to E41 Appellation. Examples of the inverse property: - The capital of Italy (E53) is identified by “Rome” (E41). (Leach, 2017) - Text 25014–32 (E33) is identified by “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” (E35). (Gibbon, 2013) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P1(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P1(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) - P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E15(z)˄ P140i(x,z) ˄ P37(z,y)] - P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E41(z)˄ P1(x,z) ˄ P139(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P102i is title of op, P48i is preferred identifier of op
has domain
E41 Appellation c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P1 is identified by op

P2 has typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P2_has_type

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property allows sub-typing of CIDOC CRM entities –a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus. The CIDOC CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CIDOC CRM may by specialised into any number of sub-entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E41 Appellation, for example, may be specialised into “e-mail address”, “telephone number”, “post office box”, “URL”, etc., none of which figures explicitly in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document. This property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned to E55 Type. Examples: - “enquiries@cidoc-crm.org” (E41) has type e-mail address (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P2(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P2(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P2(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E17(z)] ˄ P41i(x,z) ˄ P42(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P137 exemplifies op, P177 assigned property of type op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P2i is type of op

P20 had specific purposeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P20_had_specific_purpose

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the relationship between a preparatory activity, an instance of E7 Activity and the instance of E5 Event that it is intended as a preparation for. This includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events. P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that the activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, the unrealized intention should be documented using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of): E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure. Examples: - Van Eyck’s pigment grinding in 1432 (E7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent altar piece (E12). (Borchert, 2008) In First Order Logic: - P20(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P20(x,y) ⇒ E5(y)
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E5 Event c
is inverse of
P20i was purpose of op

P20i was purpose ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P20i_was_purpose_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the relationship between a preparatory activity, an instance of E7 Activity and the instance of E5 Event that it is intended as a preparation for. This includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events. P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that the activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, the unrealized intention should be documented using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of): E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of the inverse property: - Van Eyck’s pigment grinding in 1432 (E7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent altar piece (E12). (Borchert, 2008) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P20(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P20(x,y) ⇒ E5(y)
has domain
E5 Event c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P20 had specific purpose op

P21 had general purposeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P21_had_general_purpose

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes an intentional relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose, described as an instance of E55 Type. This may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of in that no specific event is implied as the purpose. Examples: - Van Eyck’s pigment grinding (E7) had general purpose painting (E55). (Borchert, 2008) - The setting of trap 2742 on 17(th) May 1874 (E7) had general purpose catching moose (E55). [activity type] (fictitious) - The construction of the Berlin Wall starting 13(th) August 1961 (E12) had general purpose preventing emigration (E55). (History.com Editors, 2020) - The reinforcement of the Mexico-United States barrier between the United States of America and Mexico in Fall 2019 (E11) had general purpose preventing immigration (E55). - The rebuilding of the city walls of Heraklion by the Venetian rulers starting in 1462 (E12) had general purpose preventing conquest by enemy (E55). (YouIngGreece.com, 2020) - The building of the seawall in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan between 2014 and 2020 (E12) had general purpose preventing inland flooding by tsunami (E55). In First Order Logic: - P21(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P21(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P21i was purpose of op

P21i was purpose ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P21i_was_purpose_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes an intentional relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose, described as an instance of E55 Type. This may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of in that no specific event is implied as the purpose. Examples of the inverse property: - Van Eyck’s pigment grinding (E7) had general purpose painting (E55). (Borchert, 2008) - The setting of trap 2742 on 17(th) May 1874 (E7) had general purpose catching moose (E55). [activity type] (fictitious) - The construction of the Berlin Wall starting 13(th) August 1961 (E12) had general purpose preventing emigration (E55). (History.com Editors, 2020) - The reinforcement of the Mexico-United States barrier between the United States of America and Mexico in Fall 2019 (E11) had general purpose preventing immigration (E55). - The rebuilding of the city walls of Heraklion by the Venetian rulers starting in 1462 (E12) had general purpose preventing conquest by enemy (E55). (YouIngGreece.com, 2020) - The building of the seawall in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan between 2014 and 2020 (E12) had general purpose preventing inland flooding by tsunami (E55). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P21(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P21(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P21 had general purpose op

P22 transferred title toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P22_transferred_title_to

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. The property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting, or fishing. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both. Examples: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title to the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E74). In First Order Logic: - P22(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P22(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P22(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14 carried out by op
has domain
E8 Acquisition c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P22i acquired title through op

P22i acquired title throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P22i_acquired_title_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. The property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting, or fishing. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both. Examples of the inverse property: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title to the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P22(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P22(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P22(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14i performed op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E8 Acquisition c
is inverse of
P22 transferred title to op

P23 transferred title fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P23_transferred_title_from

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. The property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both. Examples: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title from the Heirs of Amoudruz (E74). In First Order Logic: - P23(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P23(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P23(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14 carried out by op
has domain
E8 Acquisition c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P23i surrendered title through op

P23i surrendered title throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P23i_surrendered_title_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. The property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both. Examples of the inverse property: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title from the Heirs of Amoudruz (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P23(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P23(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P23(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14i performed op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E8 Acquisition c
is inverse of
P23 transferred title from op

P24 transferred title ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P24_transferred_title_of

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing involved in an instance of E8 Acquisition. In reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item. Examples: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title of the Amoudruz Collection (E78). In First Order Logic: - P24(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P24(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has domain
E8 Acquisition c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P24i changed ownership through op

P24i changed ownership throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P24i_changed_ownership_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing involved in an instance of E8 Acquisition. In reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item. Examples of the inverse property: - The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title of the Amoudruz Collection (E78). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P24(x,y) ⇒ E8(x) - P24(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E8 Acquisition c
is inverse of
P24 transferred title of op

P25 movedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P25_moved

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E19 Physical Object that was moved by an instance of E9 Move. A move must concern at least one object. The property implies the object’s passive participation. For example, Monet’s painting “Impression sunrise” was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. Examples: - Monet´s “Impression sunrise” (E22) moved by preparations for the First Impressionist Exhibition (E9). In First Order Logic: - P25(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P25(x,y) ⇒ E19(y) - P25(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has domain
E9 Move c
has range
E19 Physical Object c
is inverse of
P25i moved by op

P25i moved byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P25i_moved_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance of E19 Physical Object that was moved by an instance of E9 Move. A move must concern at least one object. The property implies the object’s passive participation. For example, Monet’s painting “Impression sunrise” was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. Examples of the inverse property: - Monet´s “Impression sunrise” (E22) moved by preparations for the First Impressionist Exhibition (E9). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P25(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P25(x,y) ⇒ E19(y) - P25(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has domain
E19 Physical Object c
has range
E9 Move c
is inverse of
P25 moved op

P26 moved toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P26_moved_to

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies a destination, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. A move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s). Therefore, the described destination is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at. Examples: - The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved to the Saatchi Gallery London (E53). In First Order Logic: - P26(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P26(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P26(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]
has domain
E9 Move c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P26i was destination of op

P26i was destination ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P26i_was_destination_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies a destination, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. A move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s). Therefore, the described destination is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at. Examples of the inverse property: - The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved to the Saatchi Gallery London (E53). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P26(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P26(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P26(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E9 Move c
is inverse of
P26 moved to op

P27 moved fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P27_moved_from

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an origin, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. A move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many starting instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s). Therefore, the described origin is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at. Examples: - The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved from Paris, Grande Halle de la Villette (E53). In First Order Logic: - P27(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P27(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P27(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]
has domain
E9 Move c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P27i was origin of op

P27i was origin ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P27i_was_origin_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an origin, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. A move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many starting instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s). Therefore, the described origin is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at. Examples of the inverse property: - The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved from Paris, Grande Halle de la Villette (E53). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P27(x,y) ⇒ E9(x) - P27(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P27(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E9 Move c
is inverse of
P27 moved from op

P28 custody surrendered byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P28_custody_surrendered_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who surrender custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily, e.g. through accident, loss, or theft. In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both. Examples: - The Secure Deliveries Inc. crew (E74) surrendered custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10). In First Order Logic: - P28(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P28(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P28(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14 carried out by op
has domain
E10 Transfer of Custody c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P28i surrendered custody through op

P28i surrendered custody throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P28i_surrendered_custody_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who surrender custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily, e.g. through accident, loss, or theft. In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both. Examples of the inverse property: - The Secure Deliveries Inc. crew (E74) surrendered custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P28(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P28(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P28(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14i performed op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E10 Transfer of Custody c
is inverse of
P28 custody surrendered by op

P29 custody received byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P29_custody_received_by

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who receive custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft. In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both. Examples: - Representatives of The National Gallery (E74) received custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10). In First Order Logic: - P29(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P29(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P29(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14 carried out by op
has domain
E10 Transfer of Custody c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P29i received custody through op

P29i received custody throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P29i_received_custody_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who receive custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft. In reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both. Examples of the inverse property: - Representatives of The National Gallery (E74) received custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P29(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P29(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P29(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)
has super-properties
P14i performed op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E10 Transfer of Custody c
is inverse of
P29 custody received by op

P2i is type ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P2i_is_type_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property allows sub-typing of CIDOC CRM entities –a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus. The CIDOC CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CIDOC CRM may by specialised into any number of sub-entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E41 Appellation, for example, may be specialised into “e-mail address”, “telephone number”, “post office box”, “URL”, etc., none of which figures explicitly in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document. This property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned to E55 Type. Examples of the inverse property: - “enquiries@cidoc-crm.org” (E41) has type e-mail address (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P2(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P2(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P2(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E17(z)] ˄ P41i(x,z) ˄ P42(z,y)]
has sub-properties
P137i is exemplified by op, P177i is type of property assigned op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P2 has type op

P30 transferred custody ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P30_transferred_custody_of

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing concerned in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an instance of E39 Actor to the custody of another instance of E39 Actor. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft. Examples: - The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10) transferred custody of paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E19). In First Order Logic: - P30(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P30(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has domain
E10 Transfer of Custody c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P30i custody transferred through op

P30i custody transferred throughop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P30i_custody_transferred_through

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing concerned in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. The property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an instance of E39 Actor to the custody of another instance of E39 Actor. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft. Examples of the inverse property: - The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10) transferred custody of paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E19). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P30(x,y) ⇒ E10(x) - P30(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E10 Transfer of Custody c
is inverse of
P30 transferred custody of op

P31 has modifiedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P31_has_modified

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing modified in an instance of E11 Modification. Examples: - The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (E24). (Foster, 2000) In First Order Logic: - P31(x,y) ⇒ E11(x) - P31(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P31(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has sub-properties
P108 has produced op, P110 augmented op, P112 diminished op
has domain
E11 Modification c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P31i was modified by op

P31i was modified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P31i_was_modified_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing modified in an instance of E11 Modification. Examples of the inverse property: - The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (E24). (Foster, 2000) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P31(x,y) ⇒ E11(x) - P31(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P31(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has sub-properties
P108i was produced by op, P110i was augmented by op, P112i was diminished by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E11 Modification c
is inverse of
P31 has modified op

P32 used general techniqueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P32_used_general_technique

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the technique or method, modelled as an instance of E55 Type, that was employed in an instance of E7 Activity. These techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples: - The ornamentation of silver cup 113 (E11) used general technique gold-plating (E55). [A Design or Procedure type] (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P32(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P32(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P32(x,y) ⇒ P125(x,y)
has super-properties
P125 used object of type op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P32i was technique of op

P32i was technique ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P32i_was_technique_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the technique or method, modelled as an instance of E55 Type, that was employed in an instance of E7 Activity. These techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of the inverse property: - The ornamentation of silver cup 113 (E11) used general technique gold-plating (E55). [A Design or Procedure type] (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P32(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P32(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) - P32(x,y) ⇒ P125(x,y)
has super-properties
P125i was type of object used in op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P32 used general technique op

P33 used specific techniqueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P33_used_specific_technique

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building. Examples: - The ornamentation of silver cup 232 (E11) used specific technique ‘Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other’ (E29). (fictitious) - The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (E29). (Foster, 2000) In First Order Logic: - P33(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P33(x,y) ⇒ E29(y) - P33(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16 used specific object op
has domain
E7 Activity c
has range
E29 Design or Procedure c
is inverse of
P33i was used by op

P33i was used byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P33i_was_used_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building. Examples of the inverse property: - The ornamentation of silver cup 232 (E11) used specific technique ‘Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other’ (E29). (fictitious) - The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (E29). (Foster, 2000) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P33(x,y) ⇒ E7(x) - P33(x,y) ⇒ E29(y) - P33(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)
has super-properties
P16i was used for op
has domain
E29 Design or Procedure c
has range
E7 Activity c
is inverse of
P33 used specific technique op

P34 concernedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P34_concerned

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was assessed during an instance of E14 Condition Assessment. Conditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the instance of E18 Physical Thing does not need to be present or extant at the time of assessment. Examples: - The condition assessment of the silver collection in 1997 (E14) concerned silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P34(x,y) ⇒ E14(x) - P34(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P34(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140 assigned attribute to op
has domain
E14 Condition Assessment c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P34i was assessed by op

P34i was assessed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P34i_was_assessed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was assessed during an instance of E14 Condition Assessment. Conditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the instance of E18 Physical Thing does not need to be present or extant at the time of assessment. Examples of the inverse property: - The condition assessment of the silver collection in 1997 (E14) concerned silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P34(x,y) ⇒ E14(x) - P34(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P34(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140i was attributed by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E14 Condition Assessment c
is inverse of
P34 concerned op

P35 has identifiedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P35_has_identified

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E3 Condition State that was observed in an instance of E14 Condition Assessment activity. Examples: - The condition assessment of silver cup 232 in 1997 (E14) has identified oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) with oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type fine (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type broken (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P35(x,y) ⇒E14(x) - P35(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - P35(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141 assigned op
has domain
E14 Condition Assessment c
has range
E3 Condition State c
is inverse of
P35i was identified by op

P35i was identified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P35i_was_identified_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E3 Condition State that was observed in an instance of E14 Condition Assessment activity. Examples of the inverse property: - The condition assessment of silver cup 232 in 1997 (E14) has identified oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) with oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious) - The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type fine (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) - The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type broken (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P35(x,y) ⇒E14(x) - P35(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - P35(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141i was assigned by op
has domain
E3 Condition State c
has range
E14 Condition Assessment c
is inverse of
P35 has identified op

P37 assignedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P37_assigned

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property records the identifier that was assigned to an item in an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment. The same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion. An identifier might be created prior to an assignment. Examples: - The identifier assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned “232” (E42) (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P37(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P37(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P37(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141 assigned op
has domain
E15 Identifier Assignment c
has range
E42 Identifier c
is inverse of
P37i was assigned by op

P37i was assigned byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P37i_was_assigned_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the identifier that was assigned to an item in an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment. The same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion. An identifier might be created prior to an assignment. Examples of the inverse property: - The identifier assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned “232” (E42) (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P37(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P37(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P37(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141i was assigned by op
has domain
E42 Identifier c
has range
E15 Identifier Assignment c
is inverse of
P37 assigned op

P38 deassignedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P38_deassigned

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property records the identifier that was deassigned from an instance of E1 CRM Entity. De-assignment of an identifier may be necessary when an item is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or items are merged or split up. The same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion. Examples: - The identifier assignment on 31(st) July 2001 of the silver cup OXCMS:2001.1.32 (E15) deassigned “232” (E42). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P38(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P38(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P38(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141 assigned op
has domain
E15 Identifier Assignment c
has range
E42 Identifier c
is inverse of
P38i was deassigned by op

P38i was deassigned byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P38i_was_deassigned_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the identifier that was deassigned from an instance of E1 CRM Entity. De-assignment of an identifier may be necessary when an item is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or items are merged or split up. The same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion. Examples of the inverse property: - The identifier assignment on 31(st) July 2001 of the silver cup OXCMS:2001.1.32 (E15) deassigned “232” (E42). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P38(x,y) ⇒ E15(x) - P38(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P38(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141i was assigned by op
has domain
E42 Identifier c
has range
E15 Identifier Assignment c
is inverse of
P38 deassigned op

P39 measuredop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P39_measured

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E16 Measurement with the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it acted. The instance of E16 Measurement is specific to the measured object. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be measured more than once with different results, constituting different instances of E16 Measurement. Examples: - The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) measured silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) measured the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E22). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also, E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) In First Order Logic: - P39(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) - P39(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P39(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140 assigned attribute to op
has domain
E16 Measurement c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P39i was measured by op

P39i was measured byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P39i_was_measured_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E16 Measurement with the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it acted. The instance of E16 Measurement is specific to the measured object. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be measured more than once with different results, constituting different instances of E16 Measurement. Examples of the inverse property: - The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) measured silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) - The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) measured the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E22). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also, E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P39(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) - P39(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P39(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140i was attributed by op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E16 Measurement c
is inverse of
P39 measured op

P4 has time-spanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P4_has_time-span

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E2 Temporal Entity with the instance of E52 Time-Span during which it was on-going. The associated instance of E52 Time-Span is understood as the real time-span during which the phenomena making up the temporal entity instance were active. More than one instance of E2 Temporal Entity may share a common instance of E52 Time-Span only if they come into being and end being due to identical declarations or events. Examples: - The Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52). (Harbutt, 2010) In First Order Logic: - P4(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P4(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)
has domain
E2 Temporal Entity c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P4i is time-span of op

P40 observed dimensionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P40_observed_dimension

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property records the dimension that was observed in an E16 Measurement Event. E54 Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of E70 Thing. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One measurement activity may determine more than one dimension of one object. Dimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the measured Thing does not need to be present or extant. Even though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without, any measurement being made. Examples: - The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) observed dimension silver cup 232 height (E54). [which has unit mm (E58), has value 224 (E60)] (fictitious) - The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) observed dimension the carbon 14 based temporal distance from 1996 to the growth of the wood of the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E60). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niederachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also: E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) In First Order Logic: - P40(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) - P40(x,y)⇒ E54(y) - P40(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141 assigned op
has sub-properties
diameter op, height op, length op, thickness op, width op
has domain
E16 Measurement c
has range
E54 Dimension c
is inverse of
P40i was observed in op

P40i was observed inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P40i_was_observed_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the dimension that was observed in an E16 Measurement Event. E54 Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of E70 Thing. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One measurement activity may determine more than one dimension of one object. Dimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the measured Thing does not need to be present or extant. Even though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without, any measurement being made. Examples of the inverse property: - The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) observed dimension silver cup 232 height (E54). [which has unit mm (E58), has value 224 (E60)] (fictitious) - The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) observed dimension the carbon 14 based temporal distance from 1996 to the growth of the wood of the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E60). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niederachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also: E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P40(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) - P40(x,y)⇒ E54(y) - P40(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141i was assigned by op
has domain
E54 Dimension c
has range
E16 Measurement c
is inverse of
P40 observed dimension op

P41 classifiedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P41_classified

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property records the item to which a type was assigned in an E17 Type Assignment activity. Any instance of a CIDOC CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of). Examples: - The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) classified silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P41(x,y) ⇒ E17(x) - P41(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P41(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140 assigned attribute to op
has domain
E17 Type Assignment c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P41i was classified by op

P41i was classified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P41i_was_classified_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the item to which a type was assigned in an E17 Type Assignment activity. Any instance of a CIDOC CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of). Examples of the inverse property: - The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) classified silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P41(x,y) ⇒ E17(x) - P41(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P41(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)
has super-properties
P140i was attributed by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E17 Type Assignment c
is inverse of
P41 classified op

P42 assignedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P42_assigned

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an E17 Type Assignment activity. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of). For example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type “attic red figured belly handled amphora” by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type “shoulder handled amphora” by expert B. A Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it. Examples: - The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) assigned goblet (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P42(x,y) ⇒ E17(x) - P42(x,y)⇒ E55(y) - P42(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141 assigned op
has domain
E17 Type Assignment c
has range
E55 Type c
is inverse of
P42i was assigned by op

P42i was assigned byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P42i_was_assigned_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an E17 Type Assignment activity. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of). For example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type “attic red figured belly handled amphora” by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type “shoulder handled amphora” by expert B. A Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it. Examples of the inverse property: - The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) assigned goblet (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P42(x,y) ⇒ E17(x) - P42(x,y)⇒ E55(y) - P42(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)
has super-properties
P141i was assigned by op
has domain
E55 Type c
has range
E17 Type Assignment c
is inverse of
P42 assigned op

P43 has dimensionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P43_has_dimension

Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note: This property records an instance of E54 Dimension of some instance of E70 Thing. In the case that the recorded property is a result of a measurement of an instance of E18 Physical Thing, this property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P39i was measured by, E16 Measurement, P40 observed dimension to E54 Dimension. It offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom. Knowledge about an instance of E54 Dimension need not be the result of a measurement; it may be the result of evaluating data or other information, which should be documented as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. An instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (E54). [which has unit (P91) mm (E58), has value (P90) 224 (E60)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P43(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P43(x,y) ⇒ E54(y) - P43(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E16(z) ˄ P39i(x,z) ˄ P40(z,y)]
has domain
E70 Thing c
has range
E54 Dimension c
is inverse of
P43i is dimension of op

P43i is dimension ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P43i_is_dimension_of

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records an instance of E54 Dimension of some instance of E70 Thing. In the case that the recorded property is a result of a measurement of an instance of E18 Physical Thing, this property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P39i was measured by, E16 Measurement, P40 observed dimension to E54 Dimension. It offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom. Knowledge about an instance of E54 Dimension need not be the result of a measurement; it may be the result of evaluating data or other information, which should be documented as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. An instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (E54). [which has unit (P91) mm (E58), has value (P90) 224 (E60)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P43(x,y) ⇒ E70(x) - P43(x,y) ⇒ E54(y) - P43(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E16(z) ˄ P39i(x,z) ˄ P40(z,y)]
has domain
E54 Dimension c
has range
E70 Thing c
is inverse of
P43 has dimension op

P44 has conditionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P44_has_condition

Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note: This property records an E3 Condition State for some E18 Physical Thing. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P34i was assessed by, E14 Condition Assessment, P35 has identified to E3 Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the E3 Condition State was established, nor by whom. An instance of E3 Condition State is specific to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has condition oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P44(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P44(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - P44(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E14(z) ˄ P34i(x,z) ˄ P35(z,y)]
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E3 Condition State c
is inverse of
P44i is condition of op

P44i is condition ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P44i_is_condition_of

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records an E3 Condition State for some E18 Physical Thing. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P34i was assessed by, E14 Condition Assessment, P35 has identified to E3 Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the E3 Condition State was established, nor by whom. An instance of E3 Condition State is specific to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has condition oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P44(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P44(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - P44(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E14(z) ˄ P34i(x,z) ˄ P35(z,y)]
has domain
E3 Condition State c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P44 has condition op

P45 consists ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P45_consists_of

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed. All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed material as opposed to the consumed raw material. A material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P45(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P45(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E57 Material c
is inverse of
P45i is incorporated in op

P45i is incorporated inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P45i_is_incorporated_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed. All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed material as opposed to the consumed raw material. A material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P45(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P45(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)
has domain
E57 Material c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P45 consists of op

P46 is composed ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P46_is_composed_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with another instance of Physical Thing that forms part of it. The spatial extent of the composing part is included in the spatial extent of the whole. Component elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies. This property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property. The instances of E57 Material of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples: - The Royal carriage (E22) forms part of the Royal train (E22). - The “Hog’s Back” (E24) forms part of the “Fosseway” (E24). In First Order Logic: - P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P46(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y) - [P46(x,y) ∧ P46(y,z)] ⇒ P46(x,z) - P46(x,y) ⇒ (∃uzw)[E93(u) ∧ P195i (x,u) ∧ E52(z) ∧ P164(u,z) ∧ E93(w) ∧ P195i (w,y) ∧ P164(w,z) ∧ P10(w,u)] - P46(x,y) ⇒ ¬P46(y,x)
has sub-properties
P56 bears feature op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P46i forms part of op

P46i forms part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P46i_forms_part_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with another instance of Physical Thing that forms part of it. The spatial extent of the composing part is included in the spatial extent of the whole. Component elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies. This property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property. The instances of E57 Material of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - The Royal carriage (E22) forms part of the Royal train (E22). - The “Hog’s Back” (E24) forms part of the “Fosseway” (E24). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P46(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y) - [P46(x,y) ∧ P46(y,z)] ⇒ P46(x,z) - P46(x,y) ⇒ (∃uzw)[E93(u) ∧ P195i (x,u) ∧ E52(z) ∧ P164(u,z) ∧ E93(w) ∧ P195i (w,y) ∧ P164(w,z) ∧ P10(w,u)] - P46(x,y) ⇒ ¬P46(y,x)
has sub-properties
P56i is found on op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P46 is composed of op

P48 has preferred identifierop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P48_has_preferred_identifier

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property records the preferred instance of E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded. More than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time. Use of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CIDOC CRM instance. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable instance of E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property. Examples: - The pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr. Martin Doerr (E22) has preferred identifier “OXCMS:2001.1.32” (E42). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P48(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P48(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P48(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)
has super-properties
P1 is identified by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E42 Identifier c
is inverse of
P48i is preferred identifier of op

P48i is preferred identifier ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P48i_is_preferred_identifier_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the preferred instance of E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded. More than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time. Use of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CIDOC CRM instance. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable instance of E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property. Examples of the inverse property: - The pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr. Martin Doerr (E22) has preferred identifier “OXCMS:2001.1.32” (E42). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P48(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P48(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) - P48(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)
has super-properties
P1i identifies op
has domain
E42 Identifier c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P48 has preferred identifier op

P49 has former or current keeperop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P49_has_former_or_current_keeper

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who has or has had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. This property leaves open the question if parts of this physical thing have been added or removed during the time-spans it has been under the custody of this actor, but it is required that at least a part which can unambiguously be identified as representing the whole has been under this custody for its whole time. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by or P29 custody received by to E39 Actor. Examples: - The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (E74). In First Order Logic: - P49(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P49(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P49(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ [P28(z,y) ˅ P29(z,y) ]]
has sub-properties
P109 has current or former curator op, P50 has current keeper op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P49i is former or current keeper of op

P49i is former or current keeper ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P49i_is_former_or_current_keeper_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who has or has had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. This property leaves open the question if parts of this physical thing have been added or removed during the time-spans it has been under the custody of this actor, but it is required that at least a part which can unambiguously be identified as representing the whole has been under this custody for its whole time. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by or P29 custody received by to E39 Actor. Examples of the inverse property: - The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P49(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P49(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P49(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ [P28(z,y) ˅ P29(z,y) ]]
has sub-properties
P109i is current or former curator of op, P50i is current keeper of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P49 has former or current keeper op

P4i is time-span ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P4i_is_time-span_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E2 Temporal Entity with the instance of E52 Time-Span during which it was on-going. The associated instance of E52 Time-Span is understood as the real time-span during which the phenomena making up the temporal entity instance were active. More than one instance of E2 Temporal Entity may share a common instance of E52 Time-Span only if they come into being and end being due to identical declarations or events. Examples of the inverse property: - The Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52). (Harbutt, 2010) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P4(x,y) ⇒ E2(x) - P4(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E2 Temporal Entity c
is inverse of
P4 has time-span op

P5 consists ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P5_consists_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the decomposition of an instance of E3 Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states. It is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole, although the entire story may not be completely known, and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of “in ruins” may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay. This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples: - The Condition State of the ruined Parthenon (E3) consists of the bombarded state after the explosion of a Venetian shell in 1687 (E3). (Mommsen, 1941) In First Order Logic: - P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(x) - P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - [P5(x,y) ∧ P5(y,z)] ⇒ P5(x,z) - P5(x,y) ⇒ ¬P5(y,x)
has domain
E3 Condition State c
has range
E3 Condition State c
is inverse of
P5i forms part of op

P50 has current keeperop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P50_has_current_keeper

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by to E39 Actor, if and only if the custody has not been surrendered by the receiving actor at any later time Examples: - The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current keeper The National Gallery (E74) (Iveagh Bequest, 1975) In First Order Logic: - P50(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P50(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P50(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y) - P50(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ P29(z,y) ] - ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E10(w) ˄ P30i(x,w) ˄ P28(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]
has super-properties
P49 has former or current keeper op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P50i is current keeper of op

P50i is current keeper ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P50i_is_current_keeper_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by to E39 Actor, if and only if the custody has not been surrendered by the receiving actor at any later time Examples of the inverse property: - The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current keeper The National Gallery (E74) (Iveagh Bequest, 1975) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P50(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P50(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P50(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y) - P50(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ P29(z,y) ] - ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E10(w) ˄ P30i(x,w) ˄ P28(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]
has super-properties
P49i is former or current keeper of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P50 has current keeper op

P51 has former or current ownerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P51_has_former_or_current_owner

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E39 Actor that is or had been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. The distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from, or P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor. Examples: - The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (E21). (Bryant, 1990) In First Order Logic: - P51(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P51(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P51(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ [P23(z,y) ˅ P22(z,y) ]]
has sub-properties
P52 has current owner op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P51i is former or current owner of op

P51i is former or current owner ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P51i_is_former_or_current_owner_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance of E39 Actor that is or had been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. The distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from, or P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor. Examples of the inverse property: - The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (E21). (Bryant, 1990) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P51(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P51(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P51(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ [P23(z,y) ˅ P22(z,y) ]]
has sub-properties
P52i is current owner of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P51 has former or current owner op

P52 has current ownerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P52_has_current_owner

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies the instance of E21 Person or E74 Group that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent. Examples: - The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current owner Historic England (E74). [This is still valid 2021 CE. The important collection of Old Master and British portraits was bequeathed to Kenwood by Edward Cecil Guinness, 1(st) Earl of Iveagh, in 1927.] (Iveagh Bequest, 1975; Bryant, 1990) In First Order Logic: - P52(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P52(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P52(x,y) ⇒ P51(x,y) - P52(x,y) ⇒ P105(x,y) - P52(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ P22(z,y) ] - ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E8(w) ˄ P24i(x,w) ˄ P23(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]
has super-properties
P105 right held by op, P51 has former or current owner op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P52i is current owner of op

P52i is current owner ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P52i_is_current_owner_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies the instance of E21 Person or E74 Group that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent. Examples of the inverse property: - The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current owner Historic England (E74). [This is still valid 2021 CE. The important collection of Old Master and British portraits was bequeathed to Kenwood by Edward Cecil Guinness, 1(st) Earl of Iveagh, in 1927.] (Iveagh Bequest, 1975; Bryant, 1990) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P52(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P52(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) - P52(x,y) ⇒ P51(x,y) - P52(x,y) ⇒ P105(x,y) - P52(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ P22(z,y) ] - ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E8(w) ˄ P24i(x,w) ˄ P23(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]
has super-properties
P105i has right on op, P51i is former or current owner of op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P52 has current owner op

P53 has former or current locationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P53_has_former_or_current_location

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E53 Place as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E19 Physical Object, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the instance of E19 Physical Object was located at this instance of E53 Place, nor if this is the current location. In the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, though, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to or P27 moved from to E53 Place. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P53(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P53(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P53(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ [P26(z,y) ˅ P27(z,y)]]
has sub-properties
P156 occupies op, P55 has current location op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P53i is former or current location of op

P53i is former or current location ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P53i_is_former_or_current_location_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance of E53 Place as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E19 Physical Object, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the instance of E19 Physical Object was located at this instance of E53 Place, nor if this is the current location. In the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, though, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to or P27 moved from to E53 Place. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P53(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P53(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P53(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ [P26(z,y) ˅ P27(z,y)]]
has sub-properties
P156i is occupied by op, P55i currently holds op
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P53 has former or current location op

P54 has current permanent locationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P54_has_current_permanent_location

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P54(x,y) ⇒ E19(x) - P54(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E19 Physical Object c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P54i is current permanent location of op

P54i is current permanent location ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P54i_is_current_permanent_location_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P54(x,y) ⇒ E19(x) - P54(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E19 Physical Object c
is inverse of
P54 has current permanent location op

P55 has current locationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P55_has_current_location

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property records the location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the instance of E53 Place associated with the instance of E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the object has been at the current location. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e., indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, through, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has current location Display Cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P55(x,y) ⇒ E19(x) - P55(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P55(x,y) ⇒ P53(x,y) - P55(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [ [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ P26(z,y)] - ˄ ¬​ (∃w) [E9(w) ˄ P25i(x,w) ˄ P27(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]​
has super-properties
P53 has former or current location op
has domain
E19 Physical Object c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P55i currently holds op

P55i currently holdsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P55i_currently_holds

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property records the location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the instance of E53 Place associated with the instance of E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the object has been at the current location. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e., indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, through, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) has current location Display Cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (E53). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P55(x,y) ⇒ E19(x) - P55(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P55(x,y) ⇒ P53(x,y) - P55(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [ [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ P26(z,y)] - ˄ ¬​ (∃w) [E9(w) ˄ P25i(x,w) ˄ P27(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]​
has super-properties
P53i is former or current location of op
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E19 Physical Object c
is inverse of
P55 has current location op

P56 bears featureop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P56_bears_feature

Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears. An instance of E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An instance of E27 Site should be considered as an instance of E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth. An instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i is found on the same E19 Physical Object as A. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path E19 Physical Object, through, P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of to E26 Physical Feature. Examples: - Silver cup 232 (E22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (E26). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P56(x,y) ⇒E19(x) - P56(x,y) ⇒ E26(y) - P56(x,y) ⇒ P46(x,y) - P56(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]
has super-properties
P46 is composed of op
has domain
E19 Physical Object c
has range
E26 Physical Feature c
is inverse of
P56i is found on op

P56i is found onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P56i_is_found_on

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears. An instance of E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An instance of E27 Site should be considered as an instance of E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth. An instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i is found on the same E19 Physical Object as A. This property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path E19 Physical Object, through, P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of to E26 Physical Feature. Examples of the inverse property: - Silver cup 232 (E22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (E26). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P56(x,y) ⇒E19(x) - P56(x,y) ⇒ E26(y) - P56(x,y) ⇒ P46(x,y) - P56(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]
has super-properties
P46i forms part of op
has domain
E26 Physical Feature c
has range
E19 Physical Object c
is inverse of
P56 bears feature op

P59 has sectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P59_has_section

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property links an area, i.e., an instance of E53 Place to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. This area may either be identified by a name, or by a geometry in terms of a coordinate system adapted to the shape of the respective instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typically, names identifying sections of physical objects are composed of the name of a kind of part and the name of the object itself, such as “The poop deck of H.M.S. Victory”, which is composed of “poop deck” and “H.M.S. Victory”. Examples: - HMS Victory (E22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (E53). (Goodwin, 2015) In First Order Logic: - P59(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P59(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has super-properties
P157i provides reference space for op
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P59i is located on or within op

P59i is located on or withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P59i_is_located_on_or_within

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an area, i.e., an instance of E53 Place to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. This area may either be identified by a name, or by a geometry in terms of a coordinate system adapted to the shape of the respective instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typically, names identifying sections of physical objects are composed of the name of a kind of part and the name of the object itself, such as “The poop deck of H.M.S. Victory”, which is composed of “poop deck” and “H.M.S. Victory”. Examples of the inverse property: - HMS Victory (E22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (E53). (Goodwin, 2015) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P59(x,y) ⇒ E18(x) - P59(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has super-properties
P157 is at rest relative to op
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P59 has section op

P5i forms part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P5i_forms_part_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the decomposition of an instance of E3 Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states. It is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole, although the entire story may not be completely known, and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of “in ruins” may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay. This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - The Condition State of the ruined Parthenon (E3) consists of the bombarded state after the explosion of a Venetian shell in 1687 (E3). (Mommsen, 1941) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(x) - P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(y) - [P5(x,y) ∧ P5(y,z)] ⇒ P5(x,z) - P5(x,y) ⇒ ¬P5(y,x)
has domain
E3 Condition State c
has range
E3 Condition State c
is inverse of
P5 consists of op

P62 depictsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P62_depicts

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing intentionally shows, through its optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. Photographs are by default regarded as being intentional in this sense. Anything that is designed to change the properties of the depiction, such as an e-book reader, is specifically excluded. The property does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined. Examples: - The painting “La Liberté guidant le peuple” by Eugène Delacroix (E22) depicts the French “July Revolution” of 1830 (E7). (Delacroix, 1982) - The 20 pence coin held by the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum under registration number 2006,1101.126 (E22) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (E21) mode of depiction Profile (E55). Properties: - P62.1 mode of depiction: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P62(x,y) ⇒ E24(x) - P62(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P62(x,y,z) ⇒ [P62(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P62(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E36(z) ˄ P65(x,z) ˄ P138(z,y)]
has domain
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P62i is depicted by op

P62i is depicted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P62i_is_depicted_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing intentionally shows, through its optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. Photographs are by default regarded as being intentional in this sense. Anything that is designed to change the properties of the depiction, such as an e-book reader, is specifically excluded. The property does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined. Examples of the inverse property: - The painting “La Liberté guidant le peuple” by Eugène Delacroix (E22) depicts the French “July Revolution” of 1830 (E7). (Delacroix, 1982) - The 20 pence coin held by the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum under registration number 2006,1101.126 (E22) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (E21) mode of depiction Profile (E55). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P62(x,y) ⇒ E24(x) - P62(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P62(x,y,z) ⇒ [P62(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] - P62(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E36(z) ˄ P65(x,z) ˄ P138(z,y)]
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P62 depicts op

P65 shows visual itemop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P65_shows_visual_item

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property documents an instance of E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the instance of E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. An instance of E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent. For example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content. This property is part of the fully developed path E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by). Examples: - My T-Shirt (E22) shows visual item Mona Lisa (E36). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P65(x,y) ⇒ E24(x) - P65(x,y) ⇒ E36(y) - P65(x,y) ⇒ P128(x,y)
has super-properties
P128 carries op
has domain
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
has range
E36 Visual Item c
is inverse of
P65i is shown by op

P65i is shown byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P65i_is_shown_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property documents an instance of E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the instance of E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. An instance of E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent. For example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content. This property is part of the fully developed path E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by). Examples of the inverse property: - My T-Shirt (E22) shows visual item Mona Lisa (E36). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P65(x,y) ⇒ E24(x) - P65(x,y) ⇒ E36(y) - P65(x,y) ⇒ P128(x,y)
has super-properties
P128i is carried by op
has domain
E36 Visual Item c
has range
E24 Physical Human-Made Thing c
is inverse of
P65 shows visual item op

P67 refers toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P67_refers_to

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - The eBay auction listing of 4(th) July 2002 (E73) refers to silver cup 232 (E22) has type item for sale (E55). (fictitious) Properties: - P67.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P67(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P67(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P67(x,y,z) ⇒ [P67(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has sub-properties
P129 is about op, P138 represents op, P68 foresees use of op, P70 documents op, P71 lists op
has domain
E89 Propositional Object c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P67i is referred to by op

P67i is referred to byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P67i_is_referred_to_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples of the inverse property: - The eBay auction listing of 4(th) July 2002 (E73) refers to silver cup 232 (E22) has type item for sale (E55). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P67(x,y) ⇒ E89(x) - P67(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P67(x,y,z) ⇒ [P67(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has sub-properties
P129i is subject of op, P138i has representation op, P68i use foreseen by op, P70i is documented in op, P71i is listed in op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E89 Propositional Object c
is inverse of
P67 refers to op

P68 foresees use ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P68_foresees_use_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E57 Material foreseen to be used by an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. E29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular instances of E57 Material. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented. This property is not intended for the documentation of instances of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed. Examples: - The procedure for soda glass manufacture (E29) foresees use of soda (E57). (Brooks, 1973) In First Order Logic: - P68(x,y) ⇒ E29(x) - P68(x,y) ⇒ E57(y) - P68(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67 refers to op
has domain
E29 Design or Procedure c
has range
E57 Material c
is inverse of
P68i use foreseen by op

P68i use foreseen byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P68i_use_foreseen_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance of E57 Material foreseen to be used by an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. E29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular instances of E57 Material. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented. This property is not intended for the documentation of instances of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed. Examples of the inverse property: - The procedure for soda glass manufacture (E29) foresees use of soda (E57). (Brooks, 1973) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P68(x,y) ⇒ E29(x) - P68(x,y) ⇒ E57(y) - P68(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67i is referred to by op
has domain
E57 Material c
has range
E29 Design or Procedure c
is inverse of
P68 foresees use of op

P69 has association withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P69_has_association_with

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type. The property is not transitive. This property is a directed relationship. The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc. Instances of this property are considered to be symmetric, in case no directed sense is provided for them by the property P69.1 has type. The property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures. Examples: - The procedure for glass blowing (E29) has association with the procedure for glass heating (E29). (Brooks, 1973) - The set of instructions for performing Macbeth in Max Reinhardt's production in 1916 in Berlin at Deutsches Theater (E29) has association with the scene design drawing by Ernst Stern reproduced at http://www.glopad.org/pi/fr/record/digdoc/1003814 (E29) has type has part (E55). - The preparation of parchment (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type has part (E55). - Stretching of skin (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type follows (E55). (Poole and Reed, 1962) - The plan for reassembling the temples at Abu Simbel (E29) has association with the plan for storing and transporting the blocks (E29) has type follows (E55). (Loubiere, 1995) Properties: - P69.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(x) - P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(y) - P69(x,y,z) ⇒ [P69(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has domain
E29 Design or Procedure c
has range
E29 Design or Procedure c
is inverse of
P69i is associated with op

P69i is associated withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P69i_is_associated_with

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type. The property is not transitive. This property is a directed relationship. The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc. Instances of this property are considered to be symmetric, in case no directed sense is provided for them by the property P69.1 has type. The property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures. Examples of the inverse property: - The procedure for glass blowing (E29) has association with the procedure for glass heating (E29). (Brooks, 1973) - The set of instructions for performing Macbeth in Max Reinhardt's production in 1916 in Berlin at Deutsches Theater (E29) has association with the scene design drawing by Ernst Stern reproduced at http://www.glopad.org/pi/fr/record/digdoc/1003814 (E29) has type has part (E55). - The preparation of parchment (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type has part (E55). - Stretching of skin (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type follows (E55). (Poole and Reed, 1962) - The plan for reassembling the temples at Abu Simbel (E29) has association with the plan for storing and transporting the blocks (E29) has type follows (E55). (Loubiere, 1995) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(x) - P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(y) - P69(x,y,z) ⇒ [P69(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has domain
E29 Design or Procedure c
has range
E29 Design or Procedure c
is inverse of
P69 has association with op

P7 took place atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P7_took_place_at

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period. The related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations. Any place where something happened includes the spatial projection of the happening given in the same geometric reference system. For instance, HMS Victory, as place of Lord Nelson's dying, includes the location of his body relative to the hull of HMS Victory at his time of death as the most precise location of his death. By the definition of P161 has spatial projection, an instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial projections to respective reference systems, that is, instances of E53 Place. Therefore, this property implies the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place, where both places are defined in the same geometric reference system. The relation between an instance of E53 Place and its reference system can conveniently be documented via the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for). Something that has happened at a given place can also be considered to have happened at a smaller place within it: for example, it is reasonable to say Caesar’s murder took place in Rome, but also on the Forum Romanum, and more precisely in the Curia. It is characteristic for different historical sources to use varying precision in such statements, without being in contradiction with each other. This may be due to lack of knowledge or to the relevance of the precision for the purpose of the statement. In information integration, the more precise statement improves the overall knowledge. Examples: - The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004) In First Order Logic: - P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)] - [E4(x) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(v,u) ˄ P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄ P89(v,y)] ⇒ P7(x,v)
has domain
E4 Period c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P7i witnessed op

P70 documentsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P70_documents

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the CRM Entities documented as instances of E31 Document. Documents may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as making a proposition about reality. This may be of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense, or a more general statement. Examples: - The ‘Catalogue of the Greek coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia’ (E31) documents parts of the British Museum’s Collection (E78). (British Museum & Hill, 1922) In First Order Logic: - P70(x,y) ⇒ E31(x) - P70(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P70(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67 refers to op
has domain
E31 Document c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P70i is documented in op

P70i is documented inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P70i_is_documented_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the CRM Entities documented as instances of E31 Document. Documents may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as making a proposition about reality. This may be of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense, or a more general statement. Examples of the inverse property: - The ‘Catalogue of the Greek coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia’ (E31) documents parts of the British Museum’s Collection (E78). (British Museum & Hill, 1922) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P70(x,y) ⇒ E31(x) - P70(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P70(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67i is referred to by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E31 Document c
is inverse of
P70 documents op

P71 listsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P71_lists

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E32 Authority Document with an instance of E1 CRM Entity which it lists for reference purposes. Examples: - The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (E32) lists alcazars (E55). (http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300006897) In First Order Logic: - P71(x,y) ⇒ E32(x) - P71(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P71(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67 refers to op
has domain
E32 Authority Document c
has range
E1 CRM Entity c
is inverse of
P71i is listed in op

P71i is listed inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P71i_is_listed_in

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E32 Authority Document with an instance of E1 CRM Entity which it lists for reference purposes. Examples of the inverse property: - The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (E32) lists alcazars (E55). (http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300006897) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P71(x,y) ⇒ E32(x) - P71(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) - P71(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)
has super-properties
P67i is referred to by op
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
E32 Authority Document c
is inverse of
P71 lists op

P72 has languageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P72_has_language

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance(s) of E33 Linguistic Object with an instance of E56 Language in which it is, at least partially, expressed. Linguistic Objects are composed in one or more human languages. This property allows these languages to be documented. Examples: - The United States Declaration of Independence (E33) has language 18(th) Century English (E56). (Perley, 2017) In First Order Logic: - P72(x,y) ⇒ E33(x) - P72(x,y) ⇒ E56(y)
has domain
E33 Linguistic Object c
has range
E56 Language c
is inverse of
P72i is language of op

P72i is language ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P72i_is_language_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance(s) of E33 Linguistic Object with an instance of E56 Language in which it is, at least partially, expressed. Linguistic Objects are composed in one or more human languages. This property allows these languages to be documented. Examples of the inverse property: - The United States Declaration of Independence (E33) has language 18(th) Century English (E56). (Perley, 2017) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P72(x,y) ⇒ E33(x) - P72(x,y) ⇒ E56(y)
has domain
E56 Language c
has range
E33 Linguistic Object c
is inverse of
P72 has language op

P73 has translationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P73_has_translation

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property links an instance of E33 Linguistic Object (A), to another instance of E33 Linguistic Object (B) which is the translation of A. When an instance of E33 Linguistic Object is translated into a new language a new instance of E33 Linguistic Object is created, despite the translation being conceptually similar to the source. This property is asymmetric. Examples: - “Les Baigneurs” (E33) has translation “The Bathers” (E33). (Spiers & Surenne, 1854) In First Order Logic: - P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(x) - P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(y) - P73(x,y) ⇒ P130i(x,y) - P73(x,y) ⇒ ¬P73(y,x)
has super-properties
P130i features are also found on op
has domain
E33 Linguistic Object c
has range
E33 Linguistic Object c
is inverse of
P73i is translation of op

P73i is translation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P73i_is_translation_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E33 Linguistic Object (A), to another instance of E33 Linguistic Object (B) which is the translation of A. When an instance of E33 Linguistic Object is translated into a new language a new instance of E33 Linguistic Object is created, despite the translation being conceptually similar to the source. This property is asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - “Les Baigneurs” (E33) has translation “The Bathers” (E33). (Spiers & Surenne, 1854) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(x) - P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(y) - P73(x,y) ⇒ P130i(x,y) - P73(x,y) ⇒ ¬P73(y,x)
has super-properties
P130 shows features of op
has domain
E33 Linguistic Object c
has range
E33 Linguistic Object c
is inverse of
P73 has translation op

P74 has current or former residenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P74_has_current_or_former_residence

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the current or former place of residence (an instance of E53 Place) of an instance of E39 Actor. The residence may be either the place where the actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind. Examples: - Queen Elizabeth II (E39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (E53). (Robinson, 2000) In First Order Logic: - P74(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P74(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P74i is current or former residence of op

P74i is current or former residence ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P74i_is_current_or_former_residence_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the current or former place of residence (an instance of E53 Place) of an instance of E39 Actor. The residence may be either the place where the actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind. Examples of the inverse property: - Queen Elizabeth II (E39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (E53). (Robinson, 2000) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P74(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P74(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P74 has current or former residence op

P75 possessesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P75_possesses

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E30 Right over which the actor holds or has held a legal claim. Examples: - Michael Jackson (E21) possesses intellectual property rights on the Beatles’ back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic: - P75(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P75(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E30 Right c
is inverse of
P75i is possessed by op

P75i is possessed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P75i_is_possessed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E30 Right over which the actor holds or has held a legal claim. Examples of the inverse property: - Michael Jackson (E21) possesses intellectual property rights on the Beatles’ back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P75(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P75(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)
has domain
E30 Right c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P75 possesses op

P76 has contact pointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P76_has_contact_point

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E41 Appellation which a communication service uses to direct communications to this actor, such as an e-mail address, fax number, or postal address. Examples: - The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) (E74) has contact point “bl.ric@rlg.org” (E41) In First Order Logic: - P76(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P76(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E41 Appellation c
is inverse of
P76i provides access to op

P76i provides access toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P76i_provides_access_to

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E41 Appellation which a communication service uses to direct communications to this actor, such as an e-mail address, fax number, or postal address. Examples of the inverse property: - The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) (E74) has contact point “bl.ric@rlg.org” (E41) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P76(x,y) ⇒ E39(x) - P76(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)
has domain
E41 Appellation c
has range
E39 Actor c
is inverse of
P76 has contact point op

P7i witnessedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P7i_witnessed

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period. The related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations. Any place where something happened includes the spatial projection of the happening given in the same geometric reference system. For instance, HMS Victory, as place of Lord Nelson's dying, includes the location of his body relative to the hull of HMS Victory at his time of death as the most precise location of his death. By the definition of P161 has spatial projection, an instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial projections to respective reference systems, that is, instances of E53 Place. Therefore, this property implies the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place, where both places are defined in the same geometric reference system. The relation between an instance of E53 Place and its reference system can conveniently be documented via the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for). Something that has happened at a given place can also be considered to have happened at a smaller place within it: for example, it is reasonable to say Caesar’s murder took place in Rome, but also on the Forum Romanum, and more precisely in the Curia. It is characteristic for different historical sources to use varying precision in such statements, without being in contradiction with each other. This may be due to lack of knowledge or to the relevance of the precision for the purpose of the statement. In information integration, the more precise statement improves the overall knowledge. Examples of the inverse property: - The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)] - [E4(x) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(v,u) ˄ P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄ P89(v,y)] ⇒ P7(x,v)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E4 Period c
is inverse of
P7 took place at op

P8 took place on or withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P8_took_place_on_or_within

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156i is occupied by to E18 Physical Thing. It describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant. For example, the French and German armistice of 22(nd) June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11(th) November 1918. Examples: - The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (E7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (E18). (Strong, 2005) In First Order Logic: - P8(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P8(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P8(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P7(x,z) ˄ P156i(z,y)]
has domain
E4 Period c
has range
E18 Physical Thing c
is inverse of
P8i witnessed op

P86 falls withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P86_falls_within

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span. This property supports the notion that the temporal extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span falls within the temporal extent of another instance of E52 Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of E52 Time-Span is implied. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples: - The time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (E52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (E52). (Riley, 2009; Robinson, 2000) In First Order Logic: - P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(y) - [P86(x,y) ∧ P86(y,z)] ⇒ P86(x,z) - P86(x,x)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P86i contains op

P86i containsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P86i_contains

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span. This property supports the notion that the temporal extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span falls within the temporal extent of another instance of E52 Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of E52 Time-Span is implied. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - The time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (E52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (E52). (Riley, 2009; Robinson, 2000) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(y) - [P86(x,y) ∧ P86(y,z)] ⇒ P86(x,z) - P86(x,x)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c
has range
E52 Time-Span c
is inverse of
P86 falls within op

P89 falls withinop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P89_falls_within

Quantification: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n) Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another instance of E53 Place. It addresses spatial containment only and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples: - The area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (E53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (E53). (Pryor, 2016) In First Order Logic: - P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - [P89(x,y) ∧ P89(y,z)] ⇒ P89(x,z) - P89(x,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P89i contains op

P89i containsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P89i_contains

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another instance of E53 Place. It addresses spatial containment only and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places. This property is transitive and reflexive. Examples of the inverse property: - The area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (E53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (E53). (Pryor, 2016) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) - [P89(x,y) ∧ P89(y,z)] ⇒ P89(x,z) - P89(x,x)
has domain
E53 Place c
has range
E53 Place c
is inverse of
P89 falls within op

P8i witnessedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P8i_witnessed

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156i is occupied by to E18 Physical Thing. It describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant. For example, the French and German armistice of 22(nd) June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11(th) November 1918. Examples of the inverse property: - The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (E7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (E18). (Strong, 2005) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P8(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P8(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) - P8(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P7(x,z) ˄ P156i(z,y)]
has domain
E18 Physical Thing c
has range
E4 Period c
is inverse of
P8 took place on or within op

P9 consists ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P9_consists_of

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore, the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former. This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples: - Cretan Bronze Age (E4) consists of Middle Minoan (E4). (Hood, 1971) In First Order Logic: - P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(y) - P9(x,y) ⇒ P10(y,x) - [P9(x,y) ∧ P9(y,z)] ⇒ P9(x,z) - P9(x,y) ⇒ ¬P9(y,x)
has super-properties
P10i contains op
has domain
E4 Period c
has range
E4 Period c
is inverse of
P9i forms part of op

P91 has unitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P91_has_unit

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property shows the type of unit an instance of E54 Dimension was expressed in. Examples: - The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit mm (E58). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P91(x,y) ⇒ E54(x) - P91(x,y) ⇒ E58(y)
has sub-properties
P180 has currency op
has domain
E54 Dimension c
has range
E58 Measurement Unit c
is inverse of
P91i is unit of op

P91i is unit ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P91i_is_unit_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property shows the type of unit an instance of E54 Dimension was expressed in. Examples of the inverse property: - The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit mm (E58). (fictitious) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P91(x,y) ⇒ E54(x) - P91(x,y) ⇒ E58(y)
has sub-properties
P180i was currency of op
has domain
E58 Measurement Unit c
has range
E54 Dimension c
is inverse of
P91 has unit op

P92 brought into existenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P92_brought_into_existence

Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E63 Beginning of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it. It allows a “start” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented, i.e., as instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation and E55 Type. Examples: - The birth of Mozart (E67) brought into existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965) In First Order Logic: - P92(x,y) ⇒ E63(x) - P92(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) - P92(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has sub-properties
P108 has produced op, P123 resulted in op, P94 has created op, P95 has formed op, P98 brought into life op
has domain
E63 Beginning of Existence c
has range
E77 Persistent Item c
is inverse of
P92i was brought into existence by op

P92i was brought into existence byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P92i_was_brought_into_existence_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E63 Beginning of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it. It allows a “start” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented, i.e., as instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation and E55 Type. Examples of the inverse property: - The birth of Mozart (E67) brought into existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P92(x,y) ⇒ E63(x) - P92(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) - P92(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has sub-properties
P108i was produced by op, P123i resulted from op, P94i was created by op, P95i was formed by op, P98i was born op
has domain
E77 Persistent Item c
has range
E63 Beginning of Existence c
is inverse of
P92 brought into existence op

P93 took out of existenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P93_took_out_of_existence

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E64 End of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it. In the case of immaterial things, the instance of E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier. This allows an “end” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented i.e. instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, and E55 Type. For many instances of E77 Persistent Item we know the maximum life-span and can infer that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an instance of E64 End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation. Examples: - The death of Mozart (E69) took out of existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965) In First Order Logic: - P93(x,y) ⇒ E64(x) - P93(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) - P93(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12 occurred in the presence of op
has sub-properties
P100 was death of op, P124 transformed op, P13 destroyed op, P99 dissolved op
has domain
E64 End of Existence c
has range
E77 Persistent Item c
is inverse of
P93i was taken out of existence by op

P93i was taken out of existence byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P93i_was_taken_out_of_existence_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E64 End of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it. In the case of immaterial things, the instance of E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier. This allows an “end” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented i.e. instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, and E55 Type. For many instances of E77 Persistent Item we know the maximum life-span and can infer that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an instance of E64 End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation. Examples of the inverse property: - The death of Mozart (E69) took out of existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P93(x,y) ⇒ E64(x) - P93(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) - P93(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)
has super-properties
P12i was present at op
has sub-properties
P100i died in op, P124i was transformed by op, P13i was destroyed by op, P99i was dissolved by op
has domain
E77 Persistent Item c
has range
E64 End of Existence c
is inverse of
P93 took out of existence op

P94 has createdop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P94_has_created

Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E65 Creation to the instance of E28 Conceptual Object created by it. It represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper. Examples: - The composition of “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E65) has created “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E33). (Milne, 2012) In First Order Logic: - P94(x,y) ⇒ E65(x) - P94(x,y) ⇒ E28(y) - P94(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92 brought into existence op
has sub-properties
P135 created type op
has domain
E65 Creation c
has range
E28 Conceptual Object c
is inverse of
P94i was created by op

P94i was created byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P94i_was_created_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E65 Creation to the instance of E28 Conceptual Object created by it. It represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper. Examples of the inverse property: - The composition of “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E65) has created “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E33). (Milne, 2012) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P94(x,y) ⇒ E65(x) - P94(x,y) ⇒ E28(y) - P94(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92i was brought into existence by op
has sub-properties
P135i was created by op
has domain
E28 Conceptual Object c
has range
E65 Creation c
is inverse of
P94 has created op

P95 has formedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P95_has_formed

Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note: This property associates the instance of E66 Formation with the instance of E74 Group that it founded. Examples: - The formation of the CIDOC CRM SIG at the August 2000 CIDOC Board meeting (E66) has formed the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (E74). In First Order Logic: - P95(x,y) ⇒ E66(x) - P95(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P95(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92 brought into existence op
has domain
E66 Formation c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P95i was formed by op

P95i was formed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P95i_was_formed_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates the instance of E66 Formation with the instance of E74 Group that it founded. Examples of the inverse property: - The formation of the CIDOC CRM SIG at the August 2000 CIDOC Board meeting (E66) has formed the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (E74). In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P95(x,y) ⇒ E66(x) - P95(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P95(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92i was brought into existence by op
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E66 Formation c
is inverse of
P95 has formed op

P96 by motherop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P96_by_mother

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of birth-giving mother. Note that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The instance of E21 Person being born is linked to the instance of E67 Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. Examples: - The birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) by mother Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (E21). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic: - P96(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P96(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P96(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op
has domain
E67 Birth c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P96i gave birth op

P96i gave birthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P96i_gave_birth

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of birth-giving mother. Note that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The instance of E21 Person being born is linked to the instance of E67 Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. Examples of the inverse property: - The birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) by mother Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (E21). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P96(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P96(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P96(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E67 Birth c
is inverse of
P96 by mother op

P97 from fatherop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P97_from_father

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of biological father. Note that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. An instance of E67 Birth is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father. Examples: - King George VI (E21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic: - P97(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P97(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)
has domain
E67 Birth c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P97i was father for op

P97i was father forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P97i_was_father_for

Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of biological father. Note that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. An instance of E67 Birth is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father. Examples of the inverse property: - King George VI (E21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P97(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P97(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E67 Birth c
is inverse of
P97 from father op

P98 brought into lifeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P98_brought_into_life

Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note: This property links an instance of E67 Birth event to an instance of E21 Person in the role of offspring. Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. Examples: - The Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (E21). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic: - P98(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P98(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P98(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92 brought into existence op
has domain
E67 Birth c
has range
E21 Person c
is inverse of
P98i was born op

P98i was bornop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P98i_was_born

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note of the inverse property: This property links an instance of E67 Birth event to an instance of E21 Person in the role of offspring. Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. Examples of the inverse property: - The Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (E21). (Parker, 2002) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P98(x,y) ⇒ E67(x) - P98(x,y) ⇒ E21(y) - P98(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)
has super-properties
P92i was brought into existence by op
has domain
E21 Person c
has range
E67 Birth c
is inverse of
P98 brought into life op

P99 dissolvedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P99_dissolved

Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates the instance of E68 Dissolution with the instance of E74 Group that it disbanded. Examples: - The end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (E68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (E74). (Patterson, 1998) In First Order Logic: - P99(x,y) ⇒ E68(x) - P99(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P99(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y) - P99(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P11 had participant op, P93 took out of existence op
has domain
E68 Dissolution c
has range
E74 Group c
is inverse of
P99i was dissolved by op

P99i was dissolved byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P99i_was_dissolved_by

Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates the instance of E68 Dissolution with the instance of E74 Group that it disbanded. Examples of the inverse property: - The end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (E68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (E74). (Patterson, 1998) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P99(x,y) ⇒ E68(x) - P99(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) - P99(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y) - P99(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)
has super-properties
P11i participated in op, P93i was taken out of existence by op
has domain
E74 Group c
has range
E68 Dissolution c
is inverse of
P99 dissolved op

P9i forms part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P9i_forms_part_of

Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note of the inverse property: This property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore, the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former. This property is transitive and asymmetric. Examples of the inverse property: - Cretan Bronze Age (E4) consists of Middle Minoan (E4). (Hood, 1971) In First Order Logic of the inverse property: - P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(x) - P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(y) - P9(x,y) ⇒ P10(y,x) - [P9(x,y) ∧ P9(y,z)] ⇒ P9(x,z) - P9(x,y) ⇒ ¬P9(y,x)
has super-properties
P10 falls within op
has domain
E4 Period c
has range
E4 Period c
is inverse of
P9 consists of op

Part Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/partOf

has domain
Asset c or Party c
has range
Asset Collection c or Party Collection c
is also defined as
named individual

partnerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000040

Scope note: The property partner denotes that an Actor has committed to a partnership with another Actor.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
E39 Actor c
has range
E39 Actor c

qualifiedAssociationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation

If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Association c

qualifiedAttributionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution

If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Attribution c

qualifiedCommunicationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedCommunication

If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Communication c

qualifiedDerivationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedDerivation

If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Derivation c

qualifiedEndop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedEnd

If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Activity c
has range
End c

qualifiedGenerationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedGeneration

If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e, then it can qualify how it performed the Generation using prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Generation c

qualifiedInfluenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInfluence

Because prov:qualifiedInfluence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (qualifiedCommunication, qualifiedDelegation, qualifiedEnd, etc.) should be used when applicable.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-properties
qualifiedAssociation op, qualifiedAttribution op, qualifiedCommunication op, qualifiedDerivation op, qualifiedEnd op, qualifiedGeneration op, qualifiedInvalidation op, qualifiedPrimarySource op, qualifiedQuotation op, qualifiedRevision op, qualifiedStart op, qualifiedUsage op
has domain
Activity c or Agent c or Entity c
has range
Influence c

qualifiedInvalidationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedInvalidation

If this Entity prov:wasInvalidatedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was invalidated using prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Invalidation c

qualifiedPrimarySourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedPrimarySource

If this Entity prov:hadPrimarySource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
PrimarySource c

qualifiedQuotationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedQuotation

If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Quotation c

qualifiedRevisionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedRevision

If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Revision c

qualifiedStartop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedStart

If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Start c

qualifiedUsageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage

If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
qualifiedInfluence op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Usage c

Refinementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/refinement

has domain
Action c or Asset Collection c or Party Collection c
has range
Constraint c or Logical Constraint c
is also defined as
named individual

Relationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relation

has sub-properties
Output op, Target op
has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Asset c
is also defined as
named individual

Remedyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/remedy

has super-properties
Failure op
has domain
Prohibition c
has range
Duty c
is also defined as
named individual

roleNameop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/roleName

has domain
E39 Actor c
Role c
has range
Role c or Text c or URL c
is also defined as
named individual

socialMovementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000018

Quantification: Many-to-many (0,n: 0,n) Scope note: This property associates an Entity with a specific Social Movement. A Social Movement is defined as a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular set of goals (e.g., political, cultural, or religious change). Through this property, one can record an artist’s participation in or influence from a social movement and, similarly, document how a creative work may be representative of or inspired by such a movement. Examples: - An artist (E21 Person) who was actively involved in the Civil Rights Movement might be linked via the movement property to that Social Movement. - A poster or photograph (E22 Physical Artefact) produced during a protest could be associated with the relevant Social Movement that motivated its creation.

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
E1 CRM Entity c
has range
Social movement c

specializationOfop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#specializationOf

has super-properties
alternateOf op
has domain
Entity c
is also defined as
annotation property

specialtyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/specialty

One of the domain specialities to which this web page's content applies.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/specialty
has domain
E39 Actor c
WebPage c
has range
Role c or Specialty c or Text c or URL c

supersededByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/supersededBy

Relates a term (i.e. a property, class or enumeration) to one that supersedes it.
Is defined by
https://meta.schema.org/supersededBy
has domain
Class c or Enumeration c or Property c
has range
Class c or Enumeration c or Property c or Role c or Text c or URL c

Targetop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/target

has super-properties
Relation op
has domain
Policy c or Rule c
has range
Asset c
is also defined as
named individual

Target Policyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/hasPolicy

has domain
Asset c
has range
Policy c
is also defined as
named individual

thicknessop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000033

has super-properties
P40 observed dimension op

Tracked Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/trackedParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

Tracking Partyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/trackingParty

has super-properties
Function op
is also defined as
named individual

usedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used

A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedUsage op o entity op

wasAssociatedWithop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith

An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has equivalent properties
P14 carried out by op
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Agent c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedAssociation op o agent op

wasAttributedToop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo

Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Agent c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedAttribution op o agent op

wasDerivedFromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom

The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable.
A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has sub-properties
P130 shows features of op, hadPrimarySource op, wasQuotedFrom op, wasRevisionOf op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedDerivation op o entity op

wasEndedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasEndedBy

End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedEnd op o entity op

wasGeneratedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Activity c
is inverse of
P108 has produced op, generated op
has sub-property chains
qualifiedGeneration op o activity op

wasInfluencedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInfluencedBy

Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (e.g. prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has sub-properties
actedOnBehalfOf op, hadMember op, movement op, used op, wasAssociatedWith op, wasAttributedTo op, wasDerivedFrom op, wasEndedBy op, wasGeneratedBy op, wasInformedBy op, wasInvalidatedBy op, wasStartedBy op
has domain
has range
is inverse of
influenced op

wasInformedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInformedBy

An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Activity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedCommunication op o activity op

wasInvalidatedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInvalidatedBy

Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Activity c
is inverse of
invalidated op
has sub-property chains
qualifiedInvalidation op o activity op

wasQuotedFromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasQuotedFrom

An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or 'quoting', some or all of it.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasDerivedFrom op
has domain
Entity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedQuotation op o entity op

wasRevisionOfop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasRevisionOf

has super-properties
wasDerivedFrom op
has domain
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedRevision op o entity op
is also defined as
annotation property

wasStartedByop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasStartedBy

Start is when an activity is deemed to have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that initiated the activity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has super-properties
wasInfluencedBy op
has domain
Activity c
has range
Entity c
has sub-property chains
qualifiedStart op o entity op

websiteop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000038

has super-properties
P1 is identified by op

widthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://w3id.org/cacao/CACAO_0000031

has super-properties
P40 observed dimension op

Data Properties

atTimedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atTime

The time at which an InstantaneousEvent occurred, in the form of xsd:dateTime.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
InstantaneousEvent c
has range
date Time

endedAtTimedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#endedAtTime

The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Activity c
has range
date Time

generatedAtTimedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generatedAtTime

The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Entity c
has range
date Time

invalidatedAtTimedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#invalidatedAtTime

The time at which an entity was invalidated (i.e., no longer usable).
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Entity c
has range
date Time

P168 place is defined bydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P168_place_is_defined_by

Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive that defines it. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of E94 Space Primitive defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different reference systems always result in new definitions of places approximating each other and not in alternative definitions. Examples: - The centroid from https://sws.geonames.org/735927 (E53) place is defined by 40°31'17.9"N 21°15'48.3"E (E94). [A single point for approximating the centre of the city of Kastoria, Greece] - Martin’s coordinates for Kastoria (E53) place is defined by 40°30'23"N 21°14'53"E, 40°31'40"N 21°16'43"E (E94). [A square covering the built settlement structure of Kastoria, Greece] - Martin’s centroid for Kastoria (E53) place is defined by 40°31'01.5"N 21°15'48"E (E94). [A point in the lake of Kastoria in the centre of the area covered by the city] - The position measured by Alexander von Humboldt for the Plaza Mayor in Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela 1799-1800AD (E53) place is defined by 10°27'52"N 66°30'02"W (E94). [West of the Observatory of Paris = 64°09'51"W of Greenwich, actually 1.1km east of today’s Plaza Andrés Eloy Blanco of Cumaná] (Humboldt, 1859) In First Order Logic: - P168(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P168(x,y) ⇒ E94(y)
has domain
E53 Place c

P171 at some place withindp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P171_at_some_place_within

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the maximum spatial extent within which an instance of E53 Place falls. Since instances of E53 Places may not have precisely known spatial extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about maximum spatial extents of instances of E53 Place. This property allows an instance of E53 Place’s maximum spatial extent (i.e., its outer boundary) to be assigned an instance of E94 Space Primitive value. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E53 Place, P89 falls within, E53 Place, P168 place is defined by to E94 Space Primitive through a declarative Place that is not explicitly documented, to a Space Primitive: declarative places are defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). Examples: - The spatial extent of the Acropolis of Athens (E53) at some place within POLYGON ((37.969172 23.720787, 37.973122 23.721495 37.972741 23.728994, 37.969299 23.729735, 37.969172 23.720787)) (E94). In First Order Logic: - P171(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P171(x,y) ⇒ E94(y) - P171(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P89(x,z) ˄ P168(z,y)]
has domain
E53 Place c

P172 containsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P172_contains

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes a minimum spatial extent which is contained within an instance of E53 Place. Since instances of E53 Place may not have precisely known spatial extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about minimum spatial extents of instances of E53 Place. This property allows an instance of E53 Place’s minimum spatial extent (i.e., its inner boundary or a point being within a Place) to be assigned an instance of E94 Space Primitive value. This property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E53 Place, P89i contains, E53 Place, P168 place is defined by to E94 Space Primitive. Examples: - The spatial extent of the Acropolis of Athens (E53) contains POINT (37.971431 23.725947) (E94). In First Order Logic: - P172(x,y) ⇒ E53(x) - P172(x,y) ⇒ E94(y) - P172(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P89i(x,z) ˄ P168(z,y)]
has domain
E53 Place c

P190 has symbolic contentdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P190_has_symbolic_content

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a complete, identifying representation of its content in the form of an instance of E62 String. This property only applies to instances of E90 Symbolic Object that can be represented completely in this form. The representation may be more specific than the symbolic level defining the identity condition of the represented. This depends on the type of the symbolic object represented. For instance, if a name has type “Modern Greek character sequence”, it may be represented in a loss-free Latin transcription, meaning however the sequence of Greek letters. As another example, if the represented object has type “English words sequence”, American English or British English spelling variants may be chosen to represent the English word “colour” without defining a different symbolic object. If a name has type “European traditional name”, no particular string may define its content. Examples: - The materials description of the painting (E33) has symbolic content “Oil, French Watercolors on Paper, Graphite and Ink on Canvas, with an Oak frame.” (E62). - The title of Einstein’s 1915 text (E35) has symbolic content “Relativity, the Special and the General Theory” (E62). (Einstein, 2001) - The story of Little Red Riding Hood (E33) has symbolic content “Once upon a time there lived in a certain village.” (E62). (Lang, 1965) - The inscription on Rijksmuseum object SK-A-1601 (E34) has symbolic content “B” (E62). [reference: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1601/catalogue-entry (accessed 10(th) April 2021)] In First Order Logic: - P190(x,y) ⇒ E90(x) - P190(x,y) ⇒ E62(y)
has super-properties
P3 has note dp
has domain
E90 Symbolic Object c

P3 has notedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P3_has_note

Quantification: one to many (0,n:0,1) Scope note: This property is a container for all informal descriptions about an object that have not been expressed in terms of CIDOC CRM constructs. In particular, it captures the characterisation of the item itself, its internal structures, appearance, etc. Like property P2 has type (is type of), this property is a consequence of the restricted focus of the CIDOC CRM. The aim is not to capture, in a structured form, everything that can be said about an item; indeed, the CIDOC CRM formalism is not regarded as sufficient to express everything that can be said. Good practice requires use of distinct note fields for different aspects of a characterisation. The P3.1 has type property of P3 has note allows differentiation of specific notes, e.g. “construction”, “decoration”, etc. An item may have many notes, but a note is attached to a specific item. Examples: - Coffee mug – OXCMS:1983.1.1 (E19) has note “chipped at edge of handle” (E62) has type Condition (E55). (fictitious) Properties: - P3.1 has type: E55 Type In First Order Logic: - P3(x,y) ⇒ E1(x) - P3(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) - P3(x,y,z) ⇒ [P3(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]
has sub-properties
P190 has symbolic content dp, P79 beginning is qualified by dp, P80 end is qualified by dp
has domain
E1 CRM Entity c

P57 has number of partsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P57_has_number_of_parts

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property documents the number of parts, an instance of E60 Number, of which an instance of E19 Physical Object is composed. This may be used as a method of checking inventory counts with regard to aggregate or collective objects. What constitutes a part or component depends on the context and requirements of the documentation. Normally, the parts documented in this way would not be considered as worthy of individual attention. For a more complete description, objects may be decomposed into their components and constituents using P46 is composed of (forms parts of) and P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This allows each element to be described individually. Examples: - Chess set 233 (E22) has number of parts 33 (E60). (fictitious) In First Order Logic: - P57(x,y) ⇒ E19(x) - P57(x,y) ⇒ E60(y)
has domain
E19 Physical Object c

P79 beginning is qualified bydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P79_beginning_is_qualified_by

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with a note detailing the scholarly or scientific opinions and justifications about the certainty, precision, sources etc. of its beginning. Such notes may also be used to elaborate arguments about constraints or to give explanations of alternatives. Examples: - The time-span of the Holocene (E52) beginning is qualified by “The formal definition and dating of the GSSP (GlobalStratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records” (E62). (Walker et al., 2009) In First Order Logic: - P79(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P79(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) - P79(x,y) ⇒ P3(x,y)
has super-properties
P3 has note dp
has domain
E52 Time-Span c

P80 end is qualified bydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P80_end_is_qualified_by

Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with a note detailing the scholarly or scientific opinions and justifications about the end of this time-span concerning certainty, precision, sources etc. This property may also be used to describe arguments constraining possible dates and to distinguish reasons for alternative dates. Examples: - The time-span of the Holocene (E52) end is qualified by “still ongoing” (E62). (Walker et al., 2009) In First Order Logic: - P80(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P80(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) - P80(x,y) ⇒ P3(x,y)
has super-properties
P3 has note dp
has domain
E52 Time-Span c

P81 ongoing throughoutdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P81_ongoing_throughout

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with an instance of E61 Time Primitive specifying a minimum period of time covered by it. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s minimum temporal extent (i.e., its inner boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CIDOC CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. If different sources of evidence justify different minimum extents without contradicting each other, the smallest interval including all these extents will be the best estimate. This should be taken into account for information integration. Examples: - The time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) ongoing throughout “1996-2003” (E61). (Doerr, 2003) - The Time-Span of the Thirty Years War (E52) ongoing throughout “23(rd) May 1618 AD until 24(th) October 1648 AD” (E61). (Bonney, 2014) - The time-span of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) (E52) ongoing throughout “2181 BC – 2160 BC” (E61). (Reid, 1993) [This is the minimal common agreement of two conflicting dates: James Henry Breasted dates the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) from 2475BC to 2160BC in his Ancient Records (first published in 1906), volume 1, sections 58–75 (Breasted, 1906). Ian Shaw dates it from 2181BC to 2125BC in his Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (published in 2000), pp. 479–483 (Shaw, 2000).] In First Order Logic: - P81(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P81(x,y) ⇒ E61(y)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c

P82 at some time withindp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P82_at_some_time_within

Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n) Scope note: This property describes the maximum period of time within which an E52 Time-Span falls. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s maximum temporal extent (i.e. its outer boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CIDOC CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. If different sources of evidence justify different maximum extents without contradicting each other, the resulting intersection of all these extents will be the best estimate. This should be taken into account for information integration. Examples: - The time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) at some time within “1992-infinity” (E61). (Doerr, 2003) - The Time-Span of the Battle in the Teutoburg Forest (E52) at some time within “September 9 CE” (E61). (Andrews & Kesteven, 1977) - The time-Span of the death of Tut Ankh Amun (E52) at some time within “December 1324 BC to February 1323 BC” (E61). (Murdoch, 2003) - The time-span of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) (E52) at some time within “2475BC - 2125BC” (E61). (Reid, 1993) In First Order Logic: - P82(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) - P82(x,y) ⇒ E61(y)
has domain
E52 Time-Span c

P90 has valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P90_has_value

Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n) Scope note: This property allows an instance of E54 Dimension to be approximated by an instance of E60 Number primitive. Examples: - The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has value 226 (E60). (fictitious) - Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has value 24,750,000 (E60). In First Order Logic: - P90(x,y) ⇒ E54(x) - P90(x,y) ⇒ E60(y)
has domain
E54 Dimension c

startedAtTimedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#startedAtTime

The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Activity c
has range
date Time

valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value

Provides a value that is a direct representation of an entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#
has domain
Entity c

Named Individuals

Absolute Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/absolutePosition

A point in space or time defined with absolute coordinates for the positioning of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A point in space or time defined with absolute coordinates for the positioning of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: The upper left corner of a picture may be constrained to a specific position of the canvas rendering it."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Absolute Asset Sizeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/absoluteSize

Measure(s) of one or two axes for 2D-objects or measure(s) of one to tree axes for 3D-objects of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Measure(s) of one or two axes for 2D-objects or measure(s) of one to tree axes for 3D-objects of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: The image can be resized in width to a maximum of 1000px."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Absolute Spatial Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/absoluteSpatialPosition

The absolute spatial positions of four corners of a rectangle on a 2D-canvas or the eight corners of a cuboid in a 3D-space for the target Asset to fit.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
broader ap Absolute Asset Position ni
definition ap "The absolute spatial positions of four corners of a rectangle on a 2D-canvas or the eight corners of a cuboid in a 3D-space for the target Asset to fit."@en
note ap "Example: The upper left corner of a picture may be constrained to a specific position of the canvas rendering it. Note: see also the Left Operand Relative Spatial Asset Position. "@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Absolute Temporal Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/absoluteTemporalPosition

The absolute temporal positions in a media stream the target Asset has to fit.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
broader ap Absolute Asset Position ni
definition ap "The absolute temporal positions in a media stream the target Asset has to fit."@en
note ap "Use with Actions including the target Asset in a larger media stream. The fragment part of a Media Fragment URI (https://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/) may be used for the right operand. See the Left Operand realativeTemporalPosition. <br />Example: The MP3 music file must be positioned between second 192 and 250 of the temporal length of a stream."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Accept Trackingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/acceptTracking

To accept that the use of the Asset may be tracked.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To accept that the use of the Asset may be tracked."@en
note ap "The collected information may be tracked by the Assigner, or may link to a Party with the role 'trackingParty' function."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Actionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Action

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Actionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#actionConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Action ni
member ap Has Action ni
member ap Implies ni
member ap Included In ni
pref Label ap "Action"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

actionApplicationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/actionApplication

An application that can complete the request.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/actionApplication

actionOptionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/actionOption

A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/actionOption

Actions for Rulesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#actions

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Transfer Ownership ni
member ap Use ni
pref Label ap "Actions for Rules"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Actions for Rulesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#actionsCommon

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Attribution ni
member ap Commercial Use ni
member ap Derivative Works ni
member ap Distribution ni
member ap Notice ni
member ap Reproduction ni
member ap Share Alike ni
member ap Sharing ni
member ap Source Code ni
member ap Accept Tracking ni
member ap Aggregate ni
member ap Annotate ni
member ap Anonymize ni
member ap Archive ni
member ap Attribute ni
member ap Compensate ni
member ap Concurrent Use ni
member ap Delete ni
member ap Derive ni
member ap Digitize ni
member ap Display ni
member ap Distribute ni
member ap Ensure Exclusivity ni
member ap Execute ni
member ap Extract ni
member ap Give ni
member ap Grant Use ni
member ap Include ni
member ap Index ni
member ap Inform ni
member ap Install ni
member ap Modify ni
member ap Move ni
member ap Next Policy ni
member ap Obtain Consent ni
member ap Play ni
member ap Present ni
member ap Print ni
member ap Read ni
member ap Reproduce ni
member ap Review Policy ni
member ap Sell ni
member ap Stream ni
member ap Synchronize ni
member ap Text-to-speech ni
member ap Transform ni
member ap Translate ni
member ap Uninstall ni
member ap Watermark ni
pref Label ap "Actions for Rules"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Common Vocabulary Terms"@en

actorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/actor

An actor (individual or a group), e.g. in TV, radio, movie, video games etc., or in an event. Actors can be associated with individual items or with a series, episode, clip.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/actor

actorsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/actors

An actor, e.g. in TV, radio, movie, video games etc. Actors can be associated with individual items or with a series, episode, clip.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/actors
has facts
supersededBy op actor ni

Ad-hoc sharingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/adHocShare

The act of sharing the asset to parties in close proximity to the owner.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of sharing the asset to parties in close proximity to the owner."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the OMA specification should be used: http://www.openmobilealliance.com/oma-dd/adhoc-share ."@en

Aggregateni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/aggregate

To use the Asset or parts of it as part of a composite collection.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To use the Asset or parts of it as part of a composite collection."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Agreementni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Agreement

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Assertion ni, Offer ni, Privacy Policy ni, Request ni, Set ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

albumni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/album

A music album.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/album

albumsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/albums

A collection of music albums.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/albums
has facts
supersededBy op album ni

Allni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/All

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the collective individuals within a context.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the collective individuals within a context."@en
note ap "For example, may be used to indicate all the users of a specific social network the party is a member of. Note that “group” scope is also assumed."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

All First-Level Connectionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/AllConnections

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the first-level connections of the Party.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the first-level connections of the Party."@en
note ap "For example, may be used to indicate all “friends” of the Party. Note that “group” scope is also assumed."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

All Group Connectionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/AllGroups

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the group connections of the Party.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the group connections of the Party."@en
note ap "For example, may be used to indicate all groups that the Party is a member of. Note that “group” scope is also assumed."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

All Second-level Connectionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/All2ndConnections

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the second-level connections to the Party.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is all of the second-level connections to the Party."@en
note ap "For example, may be used to indicate all “friends of friends” of the Party. Note that “group” scope is also assumed."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Andni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/and

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

And Sequenceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/andSequence

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Annotateni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/annotate

To add explanatory notations/commentaries to the Asset without modifying the Asset in any other way.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To add explanatory notations/commentaries to the Asset without modifying the Asset in any other way."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Anonymizeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/anonymize

To anonymize all or parts of the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To anonymize all or parts of the Asset."@en
note ap "For example, to remove identifying particulars for statistical or for other comparable purposes, or to use the Asset without stating the author/source."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Appendni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/append

The act of adding to the end of an asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of adding to the end of an asset."@en
exact Match ap Modify ni

Append Toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/appendTo

The act of appending data to the Asset without modifying the Asset in any other way.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of appending data to the Asset without modifying the Asset in any other way."@en
exact Match ap Modify ni

applicationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/application

An application that can complete the request.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/application
has facts
supersededBy op actionApplication ni

Archiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/archive

To store the Asset (in a non-transient form).
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To store the Asset (in a non-transient form)."@en
note ap "Temporal constraints may be used for temporal conditions."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

areani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/area

The area within which users can expect to reach the broadcast service.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/area
has facts
supersededBy op serviceArea ni

areaServedni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/areaServed

The geographic area where a service or offered item is provided.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/areaServed

arterialBranchni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/arterialBranch

The branches that comprise the arterial structure.
Is defined by
https://health-lifesci.schema.org/arterialBranch

artworkSurfaceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/artworkSurface

The supporting materials for the artwork, e.g. Canvas, Paper, Wood, Board, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/artworkSurface

aspectni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/aspect

An aspect of medical practice that is considered on the page, such as 'diagnosis', 'treatment', 'causes', 'prognosis', 'etiology', 'epidemiology', etc.
Is defined by
https://health-lifesci.schema.org/aspect
has facts
supersededBy op mainContentOfPage ni

assemblyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/assembly

Library file name, e.g., mscorlib.dll, system.web.dll.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/assembly
has facts
supersededBy op executableLibraryName ni

Assertionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Assertion

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Offer ni, Privacy Policy ni, Request ni, Set ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

Assetni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Asset

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Assetni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#assetConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Asset ni
member ap Asset Collection ni
pref Label ap "Asset"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Asset and Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#assetParty

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Part Of ni
member ap Source ni
pref Label ap "Asset and Party"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Asset Collectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/AssetCollection

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Asset Percentageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/percentage

A percentage amount of the target Asset relevant for exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:decimal from 0 to 100.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A percentage amount of the target Asset relevant for exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:decimal from 0 to 100."@en
note ap "Example: Extract less than or equal to 50%."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Asset Relationsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#assetRelations

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Target Policy ni
member ap Target ni
pref Label ap "Asset Relations"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Asset Relationsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#assetRelationsCommon

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Output ni
pref Label ap "Asset Relations"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Common Vocabulary Terms"@en

Asset Scopeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/AssetScope

Scopes for Asset Scope expressions.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Scopes for Asset Scope expressions."@en
note ap "Instances of the AssetScope class represent the terms for the scope property of Assets."@en

Assigneeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assignee

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Assignee Ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assigneeOf

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Assignerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assigner

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Assigner Ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/assignerOf

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Attach policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attachPolicy

The act of keeping the policy notice with the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of keeping the policy notice with the asset."@en
exact Match ap Notice ni

Attach sourceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attachSource

The act of attaching the source of the asset and its derivatives.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of attaching the source of the asset and its derivatives."@en
exact Match ap Source Code ni

attendeeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/attendee

A person or organization attending the event.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/attendee

attendeesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/attendees

A person attending the event.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/attendees
has facts
supersededBy op attendee ni

Attributeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attribute

To attribute the use of the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To attribute the use of the Asset."@en
note ap "May link to an Asset with the attribution information. May link to a Party with the role “attributedParty” function."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Attributed Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attributedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Attributing Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/attributingParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Attributionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution

Credit be given to copyright holder and/or author.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Credit be given to copyright holder and/or author."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

audienceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/audience

An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/audience

availableOnDeviceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/availableOnDevice

Device required to run the application. Used in cases where a specific make/model is required to run the application.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/availableOnDevice

awardni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/award

An award won by or for this item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/award

awardsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/awards

Awards won by or for this item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/awards
has facts
supersededBy op award ni

benefitsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/benefits

Description of benefits associated with the job.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/benefits
has facts
supersededBy op jobBenefits ni

blogPostni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/blogPost

A posting that is part of this blog.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/blogPost

blogPostsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/blogPosts

Indicates a post that is part of a <a class="localLink" href="/Blog">Blog</a>. Note that historically, what we term a "Blog" was once known as a "weblog", and that what we term a "BlogPosting" is now often colloquially referred to as a "blog".
Is defined by
https://schema.org/blogPosts
has facts
supersededBy op blogPost ni

bookingAgentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/bookingAgent

'bookingAgent' is an out-dated term indicating a 'broker' that serves as a booking agent.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/bookingAgent
has facts
supersededBy op broker ni

branchni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/branch

The branches that delineate from the nerve bundle. Not to be confused with <a class="localLink" href="/branchOf">branchOf</a>.
Is defined by
https://health-lifesci.schema.org/branch
has facts
supersededBy op arterialBranch ni

branchOfni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/branchOf

The larger organization that this local business is a branch of, if any. Not to be confused with (anatomical) <a class="localLink" href="/branch">branch</a>.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/branchOf
has facts
supersededBy op parentOrganization ni

brokerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/broker

An entity that arranges for an exchange between a buyer and a seller. In most cases a broker never acquires or releases ownership of a product or service involved in an exchange. If it is not clear whether an entity is a broker, seller, or buyer, the latter two terms are preferred.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/broker

carrierni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/carrier

'carrier' is an out-dated term indicating the 'provider' for parcel delivery and flights.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/carrier
has facts
supersededBy op provider ni

catalogni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/catalog

A data catalog which contains this dataset.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/catalog
has facts
supersededBy op includedInDataCatalog ni

clincalPharmacologyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/clincalPharmacology

Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD).
Is defined by
https://health-lifesci.schema.org/clincalPharmacology
has facts
supersededBy op clinicalPharmacology ni

clinicalPharmacologyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/clinicalPharmacology

Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD).
Is defined by
https://health-lifesci.schema.org/clinicalPharmacology

codeSampleTypeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeSampleType

What type of code sample: full (compile ready) solution, code snippet, inline code, scripts, template.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/codeSampleType

colleagueni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/colleague

A colleague of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/colleague

colleaguesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/colleagues

A colleague of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/colleagues
has facts
supersededBy op colleague ni

collectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/collection

A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/collection
has facts
supersededBy op targetCollection ni

Commercial Useni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#CommercialUse

Exercising rights for commercial purposes.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Exercising rights for commercial purposes."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Commercializeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/commercialize

The act of using the asset in a business environment.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of using the asset in a business environment."@en
exact Match ap Commercial Use ni

Compensateni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/compensate

To compensate by transfer of some amount of value, if defined, for using or selling the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To compensate by transfer of some amount of value, if defined, for using or selling the Asset."@en
note ap "The compensation may use different types of things with a value: (i) the thing is expressed by the value (term) of the Constraint name; (b) the value is expressed by operator, rightOperand, dataType and unit. Typically the assignee will compensate the assigner, but other compensation party roles may be used."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Compensated Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/compensatedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Compensating Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/compensatingParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Concurrent Useni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/concurrentUse

To create multiple copies of the Asset that are being concurrently used.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To create multiple copies of the Asset that are being concurrently used."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Conflict Strategy Preferenceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ConflictTerm

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Consented Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consentedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Consenting Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consentingParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Consequenceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/consequence

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Constraintni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Constraint

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Constraintni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#constraints

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Constraint ni
member ap Left Operand ni
member ap Operator ni
member ap Right Operand ni
member ap Has Constraint ni
member ap Datatype ni
member ap Has Left Operand ni
member ap Has Operator ni
member ap Refinement ni
member ap Has Right Operand ni
member ap Has Right Operand Reference ni
member ap Status ni
member ap unit ep
pref Label ap "Constraint"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Constraint Operatorsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#constraintRelationalOperators

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Equal to ni
member ap Greater than ni
member ap Greater than or equal to ni
member ap Has part ni
member ap Is a ni
member ap Is all of ni
member ap Is any of ni
member ap Is none of ni
member ap Is part of ni
member ap Less than ni
member ap Less than or equal to ni
member ap Not equal to ni
pref Label ap "Constraint Operators"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Constraint Right Operandsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#constraintRightOpCommon

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Policy Rule Usage ni
pref Label ap "Constraint Right Operands"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Common Vocabulary Terms"@en

contactPointni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/contactPoint

A contact point for a person or organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/contactPoint

contactPointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/contactPoints

A contact point for a person or organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/contactPoints
has facts
supersededBy op contactPoint ni

containedInni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/containedIn

The basic containment relation between a place and one that contains it.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/containedIn
has facts
supersededBy op containedInPlace ni

containedInPlaceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/containedInPlace

The basic containment relation between a place and one that contains it.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/containedInPlace

containsSeasonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/containsSeason

A season that is part of the media series.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/containsSeason

Contracted Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/contractedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Contracting Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/contractingParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Copyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/copy

The act of making an exact reproduction of the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
is same as
Reproduce ni
has facts
same As ep Reproduce ni
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of making an exact reproduction of the asset."@en
exact Match ap Reproduce ni

Countni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/count

Numeric count of executions of the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Numeric count of executions of the action of the Rule."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

courseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/course

A sub property of location. The course where this action was taken.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/course
has facts
supersededBy op exerciseCourse ni

datasetTimeIntervalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/datasetTimeInterval

The range of temporal applicability of a dataset, e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 (in ISO 8601 time interval format).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/datasetTimeInterval
has facts
supersededBy op temporalCoverage ni

Datatypeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/dataType

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Datetimeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/dateTime

The date (and optional time and timezone) of exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:date or xsd:dateTime as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The date (and optional time and timezone) of exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:date or xsd:dateTime as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]]."@en
note ap "The use of Timezone information is strongly recommended. The Rule may be exercised before (with operator lt/lteq) or after (with operator gt/gteq) the date(time) defined by the Right operand. <br />Example: <code>dateTime gteq 2017-12-31T06:00Z</code> means the Rule can only be exercised after (and including) 6:00AM on the 31st Decemeber 2017 UTC time."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Delay Periodni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/delayPeriod

A time delay period prior to exercising the action of the Rule. The point in time triggering this period MAY be defined by another temporal Constraint combined by a Logical Constraint (utilising the odrl:andSequence operand). Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A time delay period prior to exercising the action of the Rule. The point in time triggering this period MAY be defined by another temporal Constraint combined by a Logical Constraint (utilising the odrl:andSequence operand). Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]]."@en
note ap "Only the eq, gt, gteq operators SHOULD be used. <br />Example: <code>delayPeriod eq P60M</code> indicates a delay of 60 Minutes before exercising the action."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Deleteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/delete

To permanently remove all copies of the Asset after it has been used.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To permanently remove all copies of the Asset after it has been used."@en
note ap "Use a constraint to define under which conditions the Asset must be deleted."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Delivery Channelni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/deliveryChannel

The delivery channel used for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The delivery channel used for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example: the asset may be distributed only on mobile networks."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Derivative Worksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#DerivativeWorks

Distribution of derivative works.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Distribution of derivative works."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Deriveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/derive

To create a new derivative Asset from this Asset and to edit or modify the derivative.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To create a new derivative Asset from this Asset and to edit or modify the derivative."@en
note ap "A new asset is created and may have significant overlaps with the original Asset. (Note that the notion of whether or not the change is significant enough to qualify as a new asset is subjective). To the derived Asset a next policy may be applied."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Deviceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/device

An identified device used for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "An identified device used for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
exact Match ap System Device ni
note ap "See System Device."

deviceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/device

Device required to run the application. Used in cases where a specific make/model is required to run the application.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/device
has facts
supersededBy op availableOnDevice ni

Digitizeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/digitize

To produce a digital copy of (or otherwise digitize) the Asset from its analogue form.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To produce a digital copy of (or otherwise digitize) the Asset from its analogue form."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

directorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/director

A director of e.g. TV, radio, movie, video gaming etc. content, or of an event. Directors can be associated with individual items or with a series, episode, clip.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/director

directorsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/directors

A director of e.g. TV, radio, movie, video games etc. content. Directors can be associated with individual items or with a series, episode, clip.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/directors
has facts
supersededBy op director ni

Displayni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/display

To create a static and transient rendition of an Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Play ni
definition ap "To create a static and transient rendition of an Asset."@en
note ap "For example, displaying an image on a screen. If the action is to be performed to a wider audience than just the Assignees, then the Recipient constraint is recommended to be used."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Distributeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/distribute

To supply the Asset to third-parties.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To supply the Asset to third-parties."@en
note ap "It is recommended to use nextPolicy to express the allowable usages by third-parties."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Distributionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution

Distribution, public display, and publicly performance.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Distribution, public display, and publicly performance."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Dutyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Duty

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Permission ni, Prohibition ni
is also defined as
class

Dutyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#duties

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Duty ni
member ap Consequence ni
member ap Has Duty ni
member ap Obligation ni
member ap Remedy ni
pref Label ap "Duty"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Elapsed Timeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/elapsedTime

A continuous elapsed time period which may be used for exercising of the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A continuous elapsed time period which may be used for exercising of the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]]."@en
note ap "Only the eq, lt, lteq operators SHOULD be used. See also Metered Time. <br />Example: <code>elpasedTime eq P60M</code> indicates a total elapsed time of 60 Minutes."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

employeeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/employee

Someone working for this organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/employee

employeesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/employees

People working for this organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/employees
has facts
supersededBy op employee ni

encodingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/encoding

A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for associatedMedia.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/encoding

encodingFormatni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/encodingFormat

Media type typically expressed using a MIME format (see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml">IANA site</a> and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types">MDN reference</a>), e.g. application/zip for a SoftwareApplication binary, audio/mpeg for .mp3 etc.<br/><br/> In cases where a <a class="localLink" href="/CreativeWork">CreativeWork</a> has several media type representations, <a class="localLink" href="/encoding">encoding</a> can be used to indicate each <a class="localLink" href="/MediaObject">MediaObject</a> alongside particular <a class="localLink" href="/encodingFormat">encodingFormat</a> information.<br/><br/> Unregistered or niche encoding and file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia/Wikidata entry.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/encodingFormat

encodingsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/encodings

A media object that encodes this CreativeWork.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/encodings
has facts
supersededBy op encoding ni

Ensure Exclusivityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ensureExclusivity

To ensure that the Rule on the Asset is exclusive.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To ensure that the Rule on the Asset is exclusive."@en
note ap "If used as a Duty, the assignee should be explicitly indicated as the party that is ensuring the exclusivity of the Rule."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

episodeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/episode

An episode of a TV, radio or game media within a series or season.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/episode

episodesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/episodes

An episode of a TV/radio series or season.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/episodes
has facts
supersededBy op episode ni

Equal toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/eq

Indicating that a given value equals the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value equals the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Eventni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/event

An identified event setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "An identified event setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Events are temporal periods of time, and operators can be used to signal before (lt), during (eq) or after (gt) the event. <br />Example: May be taken during the “FIFA World Cup 2020” only."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

eventni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/event

Upcoming or past event associated with this place, organization, or action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/event

eventsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/events

Upcoming or past events associated with this place or organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/events
has facts
supersededBy op event ni

executableLibraryNameni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/executableLibraryName

Library file name, e.g., mscorlib.dll, system.web.dll.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/executableLibraryName

Executeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/execute

To run the computer program Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To run the computer program Asset."@en
note ap "For example, machine executable code or Java such as a game or application."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

exerciseCourseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/exerciseCourse

A sub property of location. The course where this action was taken.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/exerciseCourse

Exportni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/export

The act of transforming the asset into a new form.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of transforming the asset into a new form."@en
exact Match ap Transform ni

Extractni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/extract

To extract parts of the Asset and to use it as a new Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Reproduce ni
definition ap "To extract parts of the Asset and to use it as a new Asset."@en
note ap "A new asset is created and may have very little in common with the original Asset. (Note that the notion of whether or not the change is significant enough to qualify as a new asset is subjective). To the extracted Asset a next policy may be applied."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Extract characterni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/extractChar

The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged characters from the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged characters from the asset."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the ONIX specification should be used: http://www.editeur.org/onix-pl/extract-char ."@en

Extract pageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/extractPage

The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged pages from the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged pages from the asset."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the ONIX specification should be used: http://www.editeur.org/onix-pl/extract-page ."@en

Extract wordni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/extractWord

The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged words from the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged words from the asset."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the ONIX specification should be used: http://www.editeur.org/onix-pl/extract-word ."@en

Failureni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/failure

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

File Formatni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/fileFormat

A transformed file format of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A transformed file format of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: An asset may be transformed into JPEG format."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

fileFormatni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/fileFormat

Media type, typically MIME format (see <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml">IANA site</a>) of the content, e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations, 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular fileFormat information. Unregistered or niche file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia entry.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/fileFormat
has facts
supersededBy op encodingFormat ni

founderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/founder

A person or organization who founded this organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/founder

foundersni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/founders

A person who founded this organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/founders
has facts
supersededBy op founder ni

freeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/free

A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/free
has facts
supersededBy op isAccessibleForFree ni

Functionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/function

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Geospatial Coordinatesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/spatialCoordinates

A set of coordinates setting the borders of a geospatial area used for exercising the action of the Rule. The coordinates MUST include longitude and latitude, they MAY include altitude and the geodetic datum.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
broader ap Geospatial Named Area ni
definition ap "A set of coordinates setting the borders of a geospatial area used for exercising the action of the Rule. The coordinates MUST include longitude and latitude, they MAY include altitude and the geodetic datum."@en
note ap "The default values are the altitude of earth's surface at this location and the WGS 84 datum."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Geospatial Named Areani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/spatial

A named and identified geospatial area with defined borders which is used for exercising the action of the Rule. An IRI MUST be used to represent this value.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A named and identified geospatial area with defined borders which is used for exercising the action of the Rule. An IRI MUST be used to represent this value."@en
note ap "A code value for the area and source of the code must be presented in the Right Operand. <br />Example: the [[iso3166]] Country Codes or the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. "@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Giveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/give

To transfer the ownership of the Asset to a third party without compensation and while deleting the original asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Transfer Ownership ni
definition ap "To transfer the ownership of the Asset to a third party without compensation and while deleting the original asset."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Grant Useni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/grantUse

To grant the use of the Asset to third parties.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To grant the use of the Asset to third parties."@en
note ap "This action enables the assignee to create policies for the use of the Asset for third parties. The nextPolicy is recommended to be agreed with the third party. Use of temporal constraints is recommended."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Greater thanni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/gt

Indicating that a given value is greater than the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value is greater than the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Greater than or equal toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/gteq

Indicating that a given value is greater than or equal to the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value is greater than or equal to the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Groupni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Group

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is the defined group with multiple individual members.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is the defined group with multiple individual members."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Handle Policy Conflictsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/conflict

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Handle Undefined Termni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/undefined

Relates the strategy used for handling undefined actions to a Policy.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Relates the strategy used for handling undefined actions to a Policy."@en
note ap "If no strategy is specified, the default is invalid."@en

Has Actionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/action

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Constraintni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/constraint

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Dutyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/duty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Left Operandni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/leftOperand

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Operatorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/operator

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has partni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/hasPart

A set-based operator indicating that a given value contains the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value contains the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Has Permissionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/permission

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Prohibitionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/prohibition

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Has Right Operandni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/rightOperand

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property, data property

Has Right Operand Referenceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/rightOperandReference

A reference to a web resource providing the value for the right operand of a Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "A reference to a web resource providing the value for the right operand of a Constraint."@en
note ap "An IRI that MUST be dereferenced to obtain the actual right operand value. When used with set-based operators, a list of IRIs may be used"@en

hasMapni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/hasMap

A URL to a map of the place.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/hasMap

hasMenuni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/hasMenu

Either the actual menu as a structured representation, as text, or a URL of the menu.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/hasMenu

hasMerchantReturnPolicyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/hasMerchantReturnPolicy

Specifies a MerchantReturnPolicy that may be applicable.
Is defined by
https://pending.schema.org/hasMerchantReturnPolicy

hasProductReturnPolicyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/hasProductReturnPolicy

Indicates a ProductReturnPolicy that may be applicable.
Is defined by
https://attic.schema.org/hasProductReturnPolicy
has facts
supersededBy op hasMerchantReturnPolicy ni

http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o#

has facts
specializationOf op prov o ni
wasRevisionOf op prov o 20130312 ni

Ignore Undefined Actionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ignore

The Action is to be ignored and is not part of the policy – and the policy remains valid.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Undefined Term c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The Action is to be ignored and is not part of the policy – and the policy remains valid."@en
note ap "Used to support actions not known to the policy system."@en

Impliesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/implies

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

incentiveCompensationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/incentiveCompensation

Description of bonus and commission compensation aspects of the job.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/incentiveCompensation

incentivesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/incentives

Description of bonus and commission compensation aspects of the job.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/incentives
has facts
supersededBy op incentiveCompensation ni

Includeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/include

To include other related assets in the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To include other related assets in the Asset."@en
note ap "For example: bio picture must be included in the attribution. Use of a relation sub-property is required for the related assets."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Included Inni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/includedIn

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

includedDataCatalogni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/includedDataCatalog

A data catalog which contains this dataset (this property was previously 'catalog', preferred name is now 'includedInDataCatalog').
Is defined by
https://schema.org/includedDataCatalog
has facts
supersededBy op includedInDataCatalog ni

includedInDataCatalogni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

A data catalog which contains this dataset.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

Indexni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/index

To record the Asset in an index.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To record the Asset in an index."@en
note ap "For example, to include a link to the Asset in a search engine database."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Individualni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Individual

Specifies that the scope of the relationship is the single Party individual.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Party Scope c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Specifies that the scope of the relationship is the single Party individual."@en

Industry Contextni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/industry

A defined industry sector setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A defined industry sector setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example: publishing or financial industry."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Informni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/inform

To inform that an action has been performed on or in relation to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To inform that an action has been performed on or in relation to the Asset."@en
note ap "May link to a Party with the role 'informedParty' function."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Informed Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/informedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Informing Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/informingParty

The Party who provides the inform use data.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "The Party who provides the inform use data."@en
note ap "Maybe specified as part of the inform action."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

ingredientsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/ingredients

A single ingredient used in the recipe, e.g. sugar, flour or garlic.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/ingredients
has facts
supersededBy op recipeIngredient ni

Inherit Relationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/inheritRelation

Indentifies the type of inheritance.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Indentifies the type of inheritance."@en
note ap "For example, this may indicate the business scenario, such as subscription, or prior arrangements between the parties (that are not machine representable)."@en

Inheritance Allowedni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/inheritAllowed

Indicates if the Policy entity can be inherited.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "Indicates if the Policy entity can be inherited."@en
note ap "A boolean value."@en

Inherits Fromni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/inheritFrom

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

inLanguageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/inLanguage

The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please use one of the language codes from the <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47">IETF BCP 47 standard</a>. See also <a class="localLink" href="/availableLanguage">availableLanguage</a>.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/inLanguage

Installni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/install

To load the computer program Asset onto a storage device which allows operating or running the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To load the computer program Asset onto a storage device which allows operating or running the Asset."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

interactionCountni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/interactionCount

This property is deprecated, alongside the UserInteraction types on which it depended.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/interactionCount
has facts
supersededBy op interactionStatistic ni

interactionStatisticni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/interactionStatistic

The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter should be used.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/interactionStatistic

Is ani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/isA

A set-based operator indicating that a given value is an instance of the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value is an instance of the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Is all ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/isAllOf

A set-based operator indicating that a given value is all of the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value is all of the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Is any ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/isAnyOf

A set-based operator indicating that a given value is any of the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value is any of the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Is none ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/isNoneOf

A set-based operator indicating that a given value is none of the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value is none of the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Is part ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/isPartOf

A set-based operator indicating that a given value is contained by the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "A set-based operator indicating that a given value is contained by the right operand of the Constraint."@en

isAccessibleForFreeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/isAccessibleForFree

A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/isAccessibleForFree

isBasedOnni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/isBasedOn

A resource from which this work is derived or from which it is a modification or adaptation.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/isBasedOn

isBasedOnUrlni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/isBasedOnUrl

A resource that was used in the creation of this resource. This term can be repeated for multiple sources. For example, http://example.com/great-multiplication-intro.html.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/isBasedOnUrl
has facts
supersededBy op isBasedOn ni

jobBenefitsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/jobBenefits

Description of benefits associated with the job.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/jobBenefits

Languageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/language

A natural language used by the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A natural language used by the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: the asset can only be translated into Greek. Must use [[bcp47]] codes for language values."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

languageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/language

A sub property of instrument. The language used on this action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/language
has facts
supersededBy op inLanguage ni

Leaseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/lease

The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time with exchange of value.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time with exchange of value."@en

Left Operandni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/LeftOperand

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Lendni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/lend

The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time without exchange of value.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time without exchange of value."@en

Less thanni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/lt

Indicating that a given value is less than the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value is less than the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Less than or equal toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/lteq

Indicating that a given value is less than or equal to the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value is less than or equal to the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Licenseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/license

The act of granting the right to use the asset to a third-party.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of granting the right to use the asset to a third-party."@en
exact Match ap Grant Use ni

Logical Constraintni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/LogicalConstraint

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Logical Constraintni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#logicalConstraints

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Logical Constraint ni
member ap Operand ni
pref Label ap "Logical Constraint"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Logical Constraint Operandsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#constraintLogicalOperands

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap And ni
member ap And Sequence ni
member ap Or ni
member ap Only One ni
pref Label ap "Logical Constraint Operands"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

mainContentOfPageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/mainContentOfPage

Indicates if this web page element is the main subject of the page.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/mainContentOfPage

mapni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/map

A URL to a map of the place.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/map
has facts
supersededBy op hasMap ni

mapsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/maps

A URL to a map of the place.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/maps
has facts
supersededBy op hasMap ni

Media Contextni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/media

Category of a media asset setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Category of a media asset setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example media types: electronic, print, advertising, marketing. Note: The used type should not be an IANA MediaType as they are focused on technical characteristics. "@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

memberni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/member

A member of an Organization or a ProgramMembership. Organizations can be members of organizations; ProgramMembership is typically for individuals.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/member

membersni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/members

A member of this organization.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/members
has facts
supersededBy op member ni

menuni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/menu

Either the actual menu as a structured representation, as text, or a URL of the menu.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/menu
has facts
supersededBy op hasMenu ni

merchantni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/merchant

'merchant' is an out-dated term for 'seller'.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/merchant
has facts
supersededBy op seller ni

merchantReturnDaysni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/merchantReturnDays

Specifies either a fixed return date or the number of days (from the delivery date) that a product can be returned. Used when the <a class="localLink" href="/returnPolicyCategory">returnPolicyCategory</a> property is specified as <a class="localLink" href="/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow">MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow</a>.
Is defined by
https://pending.schema.org/merchantReturnDays

Metered Timeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/meteredTime

An accumulated amount of one to many metered time periods which were used for exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "An accumulated amount of one to many metered time periods which were used for exercising the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]]."@en
note ap "Only the eq, lt, lteq operators SHOULD be used. See also Elapsed Time. <br />Example: <code>meteredTime lteq P60M</code> indicates an accumulated period of 60 Minutes or less."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Modifyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/modify

To change existing content of the Asset. A new asset is not created by this action.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To change existing content of the Asset. A new asset is not created by this action."@en
note ap "This action will modify an asset which is typically updated from time to time without creating a new asset. If the result from modifying the asset should be a new asset the actions derive or extract should be used. (Note that the notion of whether or not the change is significant enough to qualify as a new asset is subjective)."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Moveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/move

To move the Asset from one digital location to another including deleting the original copy.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To move the Asset from one digital location to another including deleting the original copy."@en
note ap "After the Asset has been moved, the original copy must be deleted."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

musicGroupMemberni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/musicGroupMember

A member of a music group&#x2014;for example, John, Paul, George, or Ringo.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/musicGroupMember
has facts
supersededBy op member ni

namedPositionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/namedPosition

A position played, performed or filled by a person or organization, as part of an organization. For example, an athlete in a SportsTeam might play in the position named 'Quarterback'.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/namedPosition
has facts
supersededBy op roleName ni

Next Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/nextPolicy

To grant the specified Policy to a third party for their use of the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To grant the specified Policy to a third party for their use of the Asset."@en
note ap "Useful for downstream policies."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Not equal toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/neq

Indicating that a given value is not equal to the right operand of the Constraint.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Operator c
has facts
definition ap "Indicating that a given value is not equal to the right operand of the Constraint."@en

Noticeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice

Copyright and license notices be kept intact.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Copyright and license notices be kept intact."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Obligationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/obligation

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Obtain Consentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/obtainConsent

To obtain verifiable consent to perform the requested action in relation to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To obtain verifiable consent to perform the requested action in relation to the Asset."@en
note ap "May be used as a Duty to ensure that the Assigner or a Party is authorized to approve such actions on a case-by-case basis. May link to a Party with the role “consentingParty” function."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

ODRL Core Profileni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/core

Identifier for the ODRL Core Profile
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "Identifier for the ODRL Core Profile"@en

Offerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Offer

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Assertion ni, Privacy Policy ni, Request ni, Set ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

Only Oneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/xone

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Operandni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/operand

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Operatorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Operator

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

optionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/option

A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/option
has facts
supersededBy op actionOption ni

Orni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/or

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Outputni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/output

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

parentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/parent

A parent of this person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/parent

parentOrganizationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/parentOrganization

The larger organization that this organization is a <a class="localLink" href="/subOrganization">subOrganization</a> of, if any.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/parentOrganization

parentsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/parents

A parents of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/parents
has facts
supersededBy op parent ni

Part Ofni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/partOf

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

partOfSeriesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/partOfSeries

The series to which this episode or season belongs.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/partOfSeries

partOfTVSeriesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/partOfTVSeries

The TV series to which this episode or season belongs.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/partOfTVSeries
has facts
supersededBy op partOfSeries ni

Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Party

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#partyConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Party ni
member ap Party Collection ni
pref Label ap "Party"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Party Collectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/PartyCollection

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Party Functionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#partyRoles

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Assignee ni
member ap Assignee Of ni
member ap Assigner ni
member ap Assigner Of ni
pref Label ap "Party Functions"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Party Functionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#partyRolesCommon

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Attributed Party ni
member ap Attributing Party ni
member ap Compensated Party ni
member ap Compensating Party ni
member ap Consented Party ni
member ap Consenting Party ni
member ap Contracted Party ni
member ap Contracting Party ni
member ap Informed Party ni
member ap Informing Party ni
member ap Tracked Party ni
member ap Tracking Party ni
pref Label ap "Party Functions"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Common Vocabulary Terms"@en

Party Scopeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/PartyScope

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Payni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/pay

The act of paying a financial amount to a party for use of the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of paying a financial amount to a party for use of the asset."@en
exact Match ap Compensate ni

Payee Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/payeeParty

The Party is the recipient of the payment.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The Party is the recipient of the payment."@en
exact Match ap Compensated Party ni
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Payment Amountni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/payAmount

The amount of a financial payment. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:decimal.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The amount of a financial payment. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:decimal. "@en
note ap "Can be used for compensation duties with the unit property indicating the currency of the payment."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

paymentDueni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/paymentDue

The date that payment is due.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/paymentDue
has facts
supersededBy op paymentDueDate ni

paymentDueDateni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/paymentDueDate

The date that payment is due.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/paymentDueDate

performerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/performer

A performer at the event&#x2014;for example, a presenter, musician, musical group or actor.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/performer

performersni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/performers

The main performer or performers of the event&#x2014;for example, a presenter, musician, or actor.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/performers
has facts
supersededBy op performer ni

Permissionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Permission

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Duty ni, Prohibition ni
is also defined as
class

Permissionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#permissions

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Permission ni
member ap Has Permission ni
pref Label ap "Permission"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

photoni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/photo

A photograph of this place.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/photo

photosni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/photos

Photographs of this place.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/photos
has facts
supersededBy op photo ni

Playni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/play

To create a sequential and transient rendition of an Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To create a sequential and transient rendition of an Asset."@en
note ap "For example, to play a video or audio track. If the action is to be performed to a wider audience than just the Assignees, then the Recipient constraint is recommended to be used."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Policy

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#policyConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Policy ni
member ap Inherits From ni
member ap Profile ni
member ap Unique Identifier ni
pref Label ap "Policy"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Policy Conflict Strategyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#conflictConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Conflict Strategy Preference ni
member ap Handle Policy Conflicts ni
member ap Void Policy ni
member ap Prefer Permissions ni
member ap Prefer Prohibitions ni
pref Label ap "Policy Conflict Strategy"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Policy Rule Usageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/policyUsage

Indicates the actual datetime the action of the Rule was exercised.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Right Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Indicates the actual datetime the action of the Rule was exercised."@en
note ap "This can be used to express constraints with a LeftOperand relative to the time the rule is exercised. Operators indicate before (lt, lteq), during (eq) or after (gt, gteq) the usage of the rule. <br />Example: <code>event lt policyUsage</code> expresses that the identified event must have happened before the action of the rule is exercised."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Policy Subclassesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#policySubClasses

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Agreement ni
member ap Offer ni
member ap Set ni
pref Label ap "Policy Subclasses"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

Policy Subclassesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#policySubClassesCommon

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Assertion ni
member ap Privacy Policy ni
member ap Request ni
member ap Ticket ni
pref Label ap "Policy Subclasses"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Common Vocabulary Terms"@en

Prefer Permissionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/perm

Permissions take preference over prohibitions.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Conflict Strategy Preference c
has facts
definition ap "Permissions take preference over prohibitions."@en
note ap "Used to determine policy conflict outcomes."@en

Prefer Prohibitionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/prohibit

Prohibitions take preference over permissions.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Conflict Strategy Preference c
has facts
definition ap "Prohibitions take preference over permissions."@en
note ap "Used to determine policy conflict outcomes."@en

Presentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/present

To publicly perform the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To publicly perform the Asset."@en
note ap "The asset can be performed (or communicated) in public."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Previewni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/preview

The act of providing a short preview of the asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of providing a short preview of the asset."@en
note ap "Use a time constraint with the appropriate action."@en

Printni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/print

To create a tangible and permanent rendition of an Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To create a tangible and permanent rendition of an Asset."@en
note ap "For example, creating a permanent, fixed (static), and directly perceivable representation of the Asset, such as printing onto paper."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Privacy Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Privacy

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Assertion ni, Offer ni, Request ni, Set ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

producesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/produces

The tangible thing generated by the service, e.g. a passport, permit, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/produces
has facts
supersededBy op serviceOutput ni

Product Contextni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/product

Category of product or service setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Category of product or service setting a context for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example: May only be used in the XYZ Magazine."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

productReturnDaysni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/productReturnDays

The productReturnDays property indicates the number of days (from purchase) within which relevant product return policy is applicable.
Is defined by
https://attic.schema.org/productReturnDays
has facts
supersededBy op merchantReturnDays ni

Profileni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/profile

The identifier(s) of an ODRL Profile that the Policy conforms to.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "The identifier(s) of an ODRL Profile that the Policy conforms to."@en
note ap "The profile property is mandatory if the Policy is using an ODRL Profile."@en

Prohibitionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Prohibition

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Duty ni, Permission ni
is also defined as
class

Prohibitionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#prohibitions

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Prohibition ni
member ap Has Prohibition ni
pref Label ap "Prohibition"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

providerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/provider

The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller.
Is defined by
https://pending.schema.org/provider

proximityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/proximity

An value indicating the closeness or nearness.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "An value indicating the closeness or nearness."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the OMA specification should be used: http://www.openmobilealliance.com/oma-dd/proximity ."@en

Purposeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/purpose

A defined purpose for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A defined purpose for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example: Educational use."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Readni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/read

To obtain data from the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To obtain data from the Asset."@en
note ap "For example, the ability to read a record from a database (the Asset)."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

recipeIngredientni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/recipeIngredient

An ingredient or ordered list of ingredients and potentially quantities used in the recipe, e.g. 1 cup of sugar, flour or garlic. The ingredients can be represented as free text or more structured values.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/recipeIngredient

Recipientni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/recipient

The party receiving the result/outcome of exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The party receiving the result/outcome of exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "The Right Operand must identify one or more specific Parties or category/ies of the Party."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Recurring Time Intervalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/timeInterval

A recurring period of time before the next execution of the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]].
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A recurring period of time before the next execution of the action of the Rule. Right operand value MUST be an xsd:duration as defined by [[xmlschema11-2]]."@en
note ap "Only the eq operator SHOULD be used. <br />Example: <code>timeInterval eq P7D</code> indicates a recurring 7 day period."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Refinementni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/refinement

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Relationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relation

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Relative Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relativePosition

A point in space or time defined with coordinates relative to full measures the positioning of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "A point in space or time defined with coordinates relative to full measures the positioning of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: The upper left corner of a picture may be constrained to a specific position of the canvas rendering it."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Relative Asset Sizeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relativeSize

Measure(s) of one or two axes for 2D-objects or measure(s) of one to tree axes for 3D-objects - expressed as percentages of full values - of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Measure(s) of one or two axes for 2D-objects or measure(s) of one to tree axes for 3D-objects - expressed as percentages of full values - of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: The image can be resized in width to a maximum of 200%. Note: See the Left Operand absoluteSize. "@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Relative Spatial Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relativeSpatialPosition

The relative spatial positions - expressed as percentages of full values - of four corners of a rectangle on a 2D-canvas or the eight corners of a cuboid in a 3D-space of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
broader ap Relative Asset Position ni
definition ap "The relative spatial positions - expressed as percentages of full values - of four corners of a rectangle on a 2D-canvas or the eight corners of a cuboid in a 3D-space of the target Asset."@en
note ap "See also Absolute Spatial Asset Position."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Relative Temporal Asset Positionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/relativeTemporalPosition

A point in space or time defined with coordinates relative to full measures the positioning of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
broader ap Relative Asset Position ni
definition ap "A point in space or time defined with coordinates relative to full measures the positioning of the target Asset."@en
note ap "See also Absolute Temporal Asset Position. <br />Example: The MP3 music file must be positioned between the positions at 33% and 48% of the temporal length of a stream. "@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Remedyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/remedy

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Rendition Resolutionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/resolution

Resolution of the rendition of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "Resolution of the rendition of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: the image may be printed at 1200dpi."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Reproduceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/reproduce

To make duplicate copies the Asset in any material form.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
is same as
Copy ni
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To make duplicate copies the Asset in any material form."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Reproductionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction

Making multiple copies.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Making multiple copies."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Requestni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Request

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Assertion ni, Offer ni, Privacy Policy ni, Set ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

requirementsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/requirements

Component dependency requirements for application. This includes runtime environments and shared libraries that are not included in the application distribution package, but required to run the application (examples: DirectX, Java or .NET runtime).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/requirements
has facts
supersededBy op softwareRequirements ni

reviewni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/review

A review of the item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/review

Review Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/reviewPolicy

To review the Policy applicable to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To review the Policy applicable to the Asset."@en
note ap "Used when human intervention is required to review the Policy. May link to an Asset which represents the full Policy information."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

reviewsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/reviews

Review of the item.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/reviews
has facts
supersededBy op review ni

Right Operandni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/RightOperand

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Ruleni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Rule

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Ruleni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/#ruleConcepts

belongs to
Collection c
has facts
member ap Rule ni
member ap Failure ni
member ap Function ni
member ap Relation ni
pref Label ap "Rule"@en
scope Note ap "ODRL Core Vocabulary Terms"@en

runtimeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/runtime

Runtime platform or script interpreter dependencies (example: Java v1, Python 2.3, .NET Framework 3.0).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/runtime
has facts
supersededBy op runtimePlatform ni

runtimePlatformni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/runtimePlatform

Runtime platform or script interpreter dependencies (example: Java v1, Python 2.3, .NET Framework 3.0).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/runtimePlatform

sampleTypeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/sampleType

What type of code sample: full (compile ready) solution, code snippet, inline code, scripts, template.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/sampleType
has facts
supersededBy op codeSampleType ni

Scopeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/scope

The identifier of a scope that provides context to the extent of the entity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The identifier of a scope that provides context to the extent of the entity."@en
note ap "Used to define scopes for Assets and Parties."@en

seasonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/season

A season in a media series.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/season
has facts
supersededBy op containsSeason ni

seasonsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/seasons

A season in a media series.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/seasons
has facts
supersededBy op season ni

Secondary Useni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/secondaryUse

The act of using the asset for a purpose other than the purpose it was intended for.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of using the asset for a purpose other than the purpose it was intended for."@en

Sellni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/sell

To transfer the ownership of the Asset to a third party with compensation and while deleting the original asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Transfer Ownership ni
definition ap "To transfer the ownership of the Asset to a third party with compensation and while deleting the original asset."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

sellerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/seller

An entity which offers (sells / leases / lends / loans) the services / goods. A seller may also be a provider.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/seller

serviceAreani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/serviceArea

The geographic area where the service is provided.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/serviceArea
has facts
supersededBy op areaServed ni

serviceAudienceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/serviceAudience

The audience eligible for this service.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/serviceAudience
has facts
supersededBy op audience ni

serviceOutputni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/serviceOutput

The tangible thing generated by the service, e.g. a passport, permit, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/serviceOutput

Setni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Set

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Assertion ni, Offer ni, Privacy Policy ni, Request ni, Ticket ni
is also defined as
class

Shareni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/share

The act of the non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the asset to third-parties.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of the non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the asset to third-parties."@en
exact Match ap Sharing ni

Share Alikeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#ShareAlike

Derivative works be licensed under the same terms or compatible terms as the original work.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Derivative works be licensed under the same terms or compatible terms as the original work."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Share-alikeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/shareAlike

The act of distributing any derivative asset under the same terms as the original asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of distributing any derivative asset under the same terms as the original asset."@en
exact Match ap Share Alike ni

Sharingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#Sharing

Permits commercial derivatives, but only non-commercial distribution.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Permits commercial derivatives, but only non-commercial distribution."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

siblingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/sibling

A sibling of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/sibling

siblingsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/siblings

A sibling of the person.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/siblings
has facts
supersededBy op sibling ni

softwareRequirementsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/softwareRequirements

Component dependency requirements for application. This includes runtime environments and shared libraries that are not included in the application distribution package, but required to run the application (examples: DirectX, Java or .NET runtime).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/softwareRequirements

Sourceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/source

Reference to a Asset/PartyCollection
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "Reference to a Asset/PartyCollection"@en
note ap "Used by AssetCollection and PartyCollection when constraints are applied."@en

Source Codeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#SourceCode

Source code (the preferred form for making modifications) must be provided when exercising some rights granted by the license.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "Source code (the preferred form for making modifications) must be provided when exercising some rights granted by the license."@en
note ap "This term is defined by Creative Commons."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Statusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/status

the value generated from the leftOperand action or a value related to the leftOperand set as the reference for the comparison.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "the value generated from the leftOperand action or a value related to the leftOperand set as the reference for the comparison."@en

stepni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/step

A single step item (as HowToStep, text, document, video, etc.) or a HowToSection.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/step

stepsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/steps

A single step item (as HowToStep, text, document, video, etc.) or a HowToSection (originally misnamed 'steps'; 'step' is preferred).
Is defined by
https://schema.org/steps
has facts
supersededBy op step ni

Streamni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/stream

To deliver the Asset in real-time.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To deliver the Asset in real-time."@en
note ap "The Asset maybe utilised in real-time as it is being delivered. If the action is to be performed to a wider audience than just the Assignees, then the Recipient constraint is recommended to be used."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

subEventni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/subEvent

An Event that is part of this event. For example, a conference event includes many presentations, each of which is a subEvent of the conference.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/subEvent

subEventsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/subEvents

Events that are a part of this event. For example, a conference event includes many presentations, each subEvents of the conference.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/subEvents
has facts
supersededBy op subEvent ni

Support Undefined Actionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/support

The Action is to be supported as part of the policy – and the policy remains valid.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Undefined Term c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The Action is to be supported as part of the policy – and the policy remains valid."@en
note ap "Used to support actions not known to the policy system."@en

surfaceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/surface

A material used as a surface in some artwork, e.g. Canvas, Paper, Wood, Board, etc.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/surface
has facts
supersededBy op artworkSurface ni

Synchronizeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/synchronize

To use the Asset in timed relations with media (audio/visual) elements of another Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To use the Asset in timed relations with media (audio/visual) elements of another Asset."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Systemni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/system

An identified computing system used for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "An identified computing system used for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
exact Match ap System Device ni
note ap "See System Device"

System Deviceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/systemDevice

An identified computing system or computing device used for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "An identified computing system or computing device used for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
exact Match ap Device ni
exact Match ap System ni
note ap "Example: The system device can be identified by a unique code created from the used hardware."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Targetni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/target

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Target Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/hasPolicy

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

targetCollectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/targetCollection

A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/targetCollection

temporalCoverageni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/temporalCoverage

The temporalCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the period that the content applies to, i.e. that it describes, either as a DateTime or as a textual string indicating a time period in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Time_intervals">ISO 8601 time interval format</a>. In the case of a Dataset it will typically indicate the relevant time period in a precise notation (e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 would be written "2011/2012"). Other forms of content, e.g. ScholarlyArticle, Book, TVSeries or TVEpisode, may indicate their temporalCoverage in broader terms - textually or via well-known URL. Written works such as books may sometimes have precise temporal coverage too, e.g. a work set in 1939 - 1945 can be indicated in ISO 8601 interval format format via "1939/1945".<br/><br/> Open-ended date ranges can be written with ".." in place of the end date. For example, "2015-11/.." indicates a range beginning in November 2015 and with no specified final date. This is tentative and might be updated in future when ISO 8601 is officially updated.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/temporalCoverage

Text-to-speechni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/textToSpeech

To have a text Asset read out loud.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To have a text Asset read out loud."@en
note ap "If the action is to be performed to a wider audience than just the Assignees, then the recipient constraint is recommended to be used."
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Ticketni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Ticket

belongs to
Concept c
is disjoint with
Agreement ni, Assertion ni, Offer ni, Privacy Policy ni, Request ni, Set ni
is also defined as
class

Timed Countni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/timedCount

The number of seconds after which timed metering use of the asset begins.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The number of seconds after which timed metering use of the asset begins."@en
note ap "This original term and URI from the OMA specification should be used: http://www.openmobilealliance.com/oma-dd/timed-count ."@en

trackni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/track

A music recording (track)&#x2014;usually a single song. If an ItemList is given, the list should contain items of type MusicRecording.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/track

Tracked Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/trackedParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

Tracking Partyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/trackingParty

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
object property

tracksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/tracks

A music recording (track)&#x2014;usually a single song.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/tracks
has facts
supersededBy op track ni

Transfer Ownershipni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/transfer

To transfer the ownership of the Asset in perpetuity.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
definition ap "To transfer the ownership of the Asset in perpetuity."@en

Transformni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/transform

To convert the Asset into a different format.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To convert the Asset into a different format."@en
note ap "Typically used to convert the Asset into a different format for consumption on/transfer to a third party system."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Translateni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/translate

To translate the original natural language of an Asset into another natural language.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To translate the original natural language of an Asset into another natural language."@en
note ap "A new derivative Asset is created by that action."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Undefined Termni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/UndefinedTerm

belongs to
Concept c
is also defined as
class

Uninstallni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/uninstall

To unload and delete the computer program Asset from a storage device and disable its readiness for operation.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To unload and delete the computer program Asset from a storage device and disable its readiness for operation."@en
note ap "The Asset is no longer accessible to the assignees after it has been used."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Unique Identifierni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/uid

An unambiguous identifier
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
has facts
definition ap "An unambiguous identifier"@en
note ap "Used by the Policy, Rule, Asset, Party, Constraint, and Logical Constraint Classes."@en

Unit Of Countni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/unitOfCount

The unit of measure used for counting the executions of the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The unit of measure used for counting the executions of the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Note: Typically used with Duties to indicate the unit entity to be counted of the Action. <br />Example: A duty to compensate and a unitOfCount constraint of 'perUser' would indicate that the compensation by multiplied by the 'number of users'."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Useni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/use

To use the Asset
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
definition ap "To use the Asset"@en
note ap "Use is the most generic action for all non-third-party usage. More specific types of the use action can be expressed by more targetted actions."@en

vendorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/vendor

'vendor' is an earlier term for 'seller'.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/vendor
has facts
supersededBy op seller ni

Versionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/version

The version of the target Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "The version of the target Asset."@en
note ap "Example: Single Paperback or Multiple Issues or version 2.0 or higher."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Virtual IT Communication Locationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/virtualLocation

An identified location of the IT communication space which is relevant for exercising the action of the Rule.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Left Operand c
has facts
definition ap "An identified location of the IT communication space which is relevant for exercising the action of the Rule."@en
note ap "Example: an Internet domain or IP address range."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Void Policyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/invalid

The policy is void.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Conflict Strategy Preference c
has facts
definition ap "The policy is void."@en
note ap "Used to indicate the policy is void for Conflict Strategy."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

warrantyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/warranty

The warranty promise(s) included in the offer.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/warranty

warrantyPromiseni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/warrantyPromise

The warranty promise(s) included in the offer.
Is defined by
https://schema.org/warrantyPromise
has facts
supersededBy op warranty ni

Watermarkni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/watermark

To apply a watermark to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
Included In op Use ni
definition ap "To apply a watermark to the Asset."@en
scope Note ap "Non-Normative"@en

Writeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/write

The act of writing to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of writing to the Asset."@en
exact Match ap Modify ni

Write toni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/writeTo

The act of adding data to the Asset.
Is defined by
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
Is deprecated
true
belongs to
Concept c
Action c
has facts
deprecated ap "true"^^boolean
definition ap "The act of adding data to the Asset."@en
exact Match ap Modify ni

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
ep: External Properties

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.